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Integrity issues have become an important item on the British political agenda since the 1990s when ‘sleaze’ prompted John Major to set up the Committee on Standards in Public Life. The book analyses the range of ethical problems which confront the political system and the efforts to address them. It addresses the tightening of standards in response to misconduct in Parliament, in central and local government and in the devolved systems. It also addresses perennial ethical questions such as lobbying and party funding which continue to trouble the United Kingdom as they do other major democracies. The chief purpose of the book is to understand the regulatory dilemmas which face policy-makers as they struggle to produce new machinery and codes to tackle the risk of misconduct. Thus we examine, for example, the choice between self-regulation and independent regulation, decisions about the amount of transparency required of office-holders, and how to achieve proportionality in the balance between perceived problems and regulatory burdens. We also attempt to assess the impact of more than two decades of ethical engineering on the office holders and the public.
humanitarian sector. A tendency exists to look for in-house solutions ( Hestbaek, 2017 ). Sharing some information can raise concerns about security and privacy. Open-access maps could be misused, for example, to oppress or target protesters in politically unstable situations. Innovations developed collaboratively with for-profit companies also raise questions related to proprietary knowledge, intellectual property and conflicts of interest. This challenge
morning, they looted afterward. [The inyangamugayo say (among themselves) there are conflicts of interest in this trial.] Witness (female survivor): He said before that Mbangurika was covered with blood when he arrived. Defendant Ndambaye: Nobody actually hit him. He was beaten when they were still uphill. When they arrived at the river, he ran and jumped into the river. Ndambaye’s hearing ended here. The exchange between Ndambaye, the judges, and the public was thus very short. The court continued with the hearings of the other accused, and, apart from the
party to those wars, there is a clear conflict of interest in having the same government judging the impact of the humanitarian crises that result. 5 In some cases – most strikingly, South Sudan – government-led processes have resulted in entire analyses being quashed, reversed, or kept from publication; groups being expelled from the analysis; and not-so-subtle efforts to sway determinations away from outcomes that might reflect badly on the
by pharmaceutical companies ‘in collusion’ with the INRB. Muyembe, they argued, had a ‘conflict of interest’ given his dual role as the new head of the response and DRC-EB-001 Principal Investigator. ‘The urgency is to stop the spread of the epidemic and not to experiment with all kinds of drugs and vaccines developed by certain multinationals that you represent’, LUCHA tweeted to his account. 5 During a heated focus group discussion, a doctor
may produce more appropriate leaders, certain principles might be adopted and initiatives taken: Transparency: Elites resist this whenever possible. But so much more can be done with the will to enforce public transparency, such as proper registering of lobbyists and party donations, publication of top organisational salaries and the ratio of highest to lowest paid staff, property ownership and financial accounts held abroad, and so on. Conflicts of interest: I am regularly amazed at how so many elite
political decisions which at best can be described as being in breach of the most rudimentary conflict of interest considerations. The entrenched nature of this conduct also suggested that the type of corruption which was exercised could not be dismissed as a minor deviation from existing laws, rules and regulations. Instead, extensive transgressions were tolerated at the policy formulation end of politics. This period of Irish public life witnessed a growing focus on corruption as table 6.1 outlines. There was a concern that grand corruption, rather than petty corruption
comparison of three problem-solving approaches reveals that the Harvard group led by Kelman emphasises that international conflicts are not simply the product of misunderstanding and misperception. Real conflicts of interest or competing definitions of national interests are often, according to Kelman, at the centre of disputes. Although conflicts are not caused solely by subjective factors, face
placed on personal ‘conflicts of interest’, and in particular conflicts between an office-holder’s ‘private interests’, on the one hand, and his ‘public duties’ and the ‘public interest’, on the other – an idiom indeed that seems to have become decidedly more current after 1880. The scandals examined below are testament to this, but practices changed too. A crucial threshold was
More than a phenomenon that homogeneously broke with the energy tradition inherited from the nineteenth century, what must be grasped are the imaginary and ideological complexities of autonomy, as well as the persistence of conflicts of interest and governance that made disconnection a contested architectural and urban practice. The analysis of the results, difficulties and internal positions in the movement facilitated the understanding of its ambiguous success. This analysis must not however overshadow the external factors. The distancing of the specter of