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chap3 28/5/02 13.31 Page 60 3 Deutsche Volksunion The whims of an extreme right business man One of the most influential people in the German post-war extreme right scene is Gerhard Frey, the multi-millionaire media czar who owns and publishes several newspapers (see Müller 1989: 66–74; Backes and Jesse 1993: 295–7; Mecklenburg 1999b). Born in 1933 into a traditional national-conservative merchant family, Frey first worked for the Deutsche Soldatenzeitung (German Soldiers Newspaper, DSZ) and later bought 50 per cent of its stock. During the 1960s his
This book provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the five main parties of the extreme right in the Netherlands (Centrumdemocraten, Centrumpartij), Belgium (Vlaams Blok), and Germany (Die Republikaner, Deutsche Volksunion). Using primary research — including internal party documents — it concludes that rather than right-wing and extremist, the core ideology of these parties is xenophobic nationalist, including also a mix of law and order and welfare chauvinism. The author's research and conclusions have broader implications for the study of the extreme-right phenomenon and party ideology in general.
-Parti Démocratique DS Left Democrats (Italy)/Democratici di Sinistra DUP Democratic Unionist Party (N. Ireland) DVU German People’s Union/Deutsche Volksunion EAJ/PNV Basque Nationalist Party (Spain)/Eusko Alderdi Jeltzalea-Partido Nacionalista Vasco ECOLO Ecologist Party (Belgium: French-speaking)/Écologistes confédérés pour l’organisation de luttes originales EE Basque Left/Eusko Equerra EH ‘We Basques’ (Spain)/Euskal Herritarrok ELRG Red–Green Unity
/FAP, NPD NOP, ONR PWN-PSN NPD/DVU PWN-PSN Zwiazek Samoobrona Radio Maryja Republikaner KPN-SN Samoobrona ZchN, LPR Subcultural milieu Neo-Nazis Kamaradschaften Skinheads Abbreviations/translations: ANS, Aktionsfront Nationale Sozialisten (Action Front of National Socialists); DVU, Deutsche Volksunion (German People’s Union); FAP, Freiheitliche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (Free German Workers’ Party); KPN-SN, Konfederacja Polski Niepodleglej (Confederation for an Independent Poland); LPR, Liga Polskich Rodzin (League of Polish Families); ONR, Obóz NarodowoRadikalny
central to party’s ideology Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) Austria Vlaams Blok (VB) Belgium (Flanders) Front National (FN(b)) Belgium (Wallonia) Front Nouveau de Belgique (FNB) Belgium (Wallonia) British National Party (BNP) Britain National Front (NF) Britain Dansk Folkeparti (DF) Denmark Fremskridtspartiet (FRPd) since mid-1980s, Denmark Front National (FN) France Mouvement National Républicain (MNR) France Deutsche Volksunion (DVU) Germany Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD) Germany Republikaner Germany Lega Nord (LN) since mid-1990s, Italy
the Italian MSI, which is according to Ignazi the inspiration for all extreme right-wing parties up until the 1970s. Other old extreme right parties are the BNP, CP’86, Deutsche Volksunion-Liste D (German People’s Union-List D, DVU), and NPD (Ignazi 1992). In his more recent work Ignazi has renamed the ‘old’ into ‘traditional’, and the ‘new’ into ‘post-industrial’ extreme right parties (1994a, 1994b). Even though the basis for classification remains the same, there are some changes in the actual classification of the individual parties. Former borderline cases such
/1999) Saxony-Anhalt (4/2002) Schleswig-Holstein (2/2000) Thuringia (9/1999) 128 204 141 89 100 121 110 157 71 231 101 51 120 115 89 88 45 67 44 37 47 46 46 83 27 102 49 25 14 25 41 21 63 123a 35 25 42 33 50 62 24 88 38 26 76 48 33 49 10 – 15 – – 6 6 – – 24 8 – – 17 7 – 10 14 14 – 10 11 8 12 – 17 6 – – – 5 – – – 33 22 – – – – 20 – – – 30 25 – 18 – – – 5b 1b 25c – – – – – – – – 3d – 1916 719 815 93 107 148 34 Total Notes: a Christlich Soziale Union (CSU); b Deutsche Volksunion (DVU); c Party for Rule of Law Offensive (PRO); d Südschleswigscher Wählerverband
allies abroad. It was not easy. For instance, Tom Metzger and his son John visited Canada in 1992, but Canadian police arrested and deported the pair for attempting to incite racial hatred. When the Metzgers traveled to Berlin in 1994, local authorities quickly sent them back to the United States—though not before the Americans staged a rally with members of the Deutsche Volksunion (German Peoples’ Union), a leading far right party that attracted neo-Nazis and skinheads. 77 While state scrutiny often stifled face-to-face political organizing, the rise of the
’s parliamentary leader in 1994, but he was also elected party president in the same year. In addition, he was in charge of the party’s research office and was secretary of the regional branch of The Hague. Janmaat also extended his control within the party by making sure that all those in a Table 3.2 Weakly organized, poorly led but united right-wing extremist parties Party Country Deutsche Volksunion (DVU) Freiheitspartei der Schweiz (FPS) Schweizer Demokraten (SD) Germany Switzerland Switzerland [Centrumdemocraten (CD)] [Frente Nacional] [Fuerza Nueva] Netherlands Spain