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Marcantonio Raimondis career is here considered as a record of a distinctively Renaissance hunger for imagery, on the part of the literate as well as the illiterate, a taste that did not demand autograph work and yet was very attentive to the decisions made by artists about which subjects to portray and how to present them. Marcantonios contribution is described less in terms of having made Raphaels work known widely, and more as having made engraving into an established art form: collectible, discussable, debatable. His innovative technique yielded, it is argued, images of deliberately impersonal style, an accomplishment obscured by the ensuing emphasis on maniera.
Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims (d. 882) is a crucial figure for all those
interested in early medieval European history in general, and Carolingian
history in particular. As the powerful Archbishop of Rheims, Hincmar shaped the
times in which he lived, advising and admonishing kings, playing a leading role
in the Frankish church, and intervening in a range of political and doctrinal
disputes. But Hincmar also shaped how those times would later be seen by
historians up to the present day, by writing historical accounts such as the
Annals of St-Bertin, and by carefully preserving dossiers of material for
posterity.
This book puts the archbishop himself centre-stage, bringing
together the latest international research across the spectrum of his varied
activities, as history-writer, estate administrator, hagiographer,
pastorally-engaged bishop, and politically-minded royal advisor. For the first
time since Jean Devisse’s magisterial studies in the 1970s, it offers a
three-dimensional examination of a controversial figure whose actions and
writings in different fields are often studied in isolation, at the cost of a
more integrated appreciation. Combining research from recognised experts as well
as early-career historians, it will be an essential companion for all those
interested in the early medieval Frankish world, and in the history of early
medieval Europe more broadly.
: Constantine ceded to Sylvester (i.e. to the Papacy) primacy over the Western half of the Roman Empire, no less. Though the narrative of how this happened is not drawn from the Liber Pontificalis , the details of Constantine’s gifts clearly were. The motive for forging the ‘Donation’ seems to have been to persuade the Carolingian rulers of Francia of the Pope’s supremacy in Italy at a time when those rulers were expanding their power south of the Alps. It was a moment at which they were, or were supposed to be, highly receptive to papal guidance. The ‘Donation’ gives
lowland are a predominant landform, but landscapes vary greatly within this large area. The Fens, for example, in the east-central region, form an area of marshland, partly drained after the period considered here. Northern England offers a wider range of landscapes: while there are lowland areas of glacial deposits and very fertile soils, there are areas of moorland and the uplands are higher (up to 893 m in the Pennine chain). The climate of England is predominantly temperate, although colder in the north. Political geography and political trends Francia and Italy
addresses the fate of some of these women through an analysis of their political identities. In particular, it is concerned with the ways by which they sought to exercise power in kingdoms where they were outsiders. The sequence began in c .919 with the marriage of Eadgifu to the Carolingian king of West Francia, Charles the Straightforward (also known as ‘the Simple’). 3 In the years thereafter
to dominate the others, Francia was torn apart by these kinglets as they struggled with each other for power. This is a passage much loved by historians as a rare ‘lightbulb moment’ in which a near-contemporary realized that the game was up, even though Regino did not live on for more than a few years after composing his Chronicle and his remarks were more retrospective than prescient. His gloom, moreover, was as personal as it was political: in 899, in the course of one of these power struggles, Regino had been driven out of Prüm, which was not only a rich but
this paper I want to make some comparisons between lordship in Francia and England, focusing less on the institution itself than on contemporary depictions of the relationship, in particular in literary sources, and the moral norms associated with it. Although there have been many discussions of the practice of ‘ Herrschaft ’ in the Carolingian world, especially in regional studies, analysis of the ethos
scholars have investigated the law and rituals surrounding the imposition of excommunication, little attention has been paid to the reconciliation rites which marked its end and which are the focus of this essay. 3 Specific services for the reconciliation of excommunicants are first recorded in Francia in the early tenth, and in England only from the early eleventh century. Investigation of the textual
The turbulent career of Leudegar, bishop of Autun from c . 662 to 676 is central to the history of later Merovingian Francia. This heroic figure achieved great fame in life, and even greater fame after his death, and the body of writing which has accumulated around him has become an invaluable source for the history of his time. 1 This material was mined as early as the
order to sell books, the claim to have been imprisoned in Newgate licensed the author to write about high-stakes issues that affected the legitimacy of the new regime. Newgate was the place where, allegedly, the Jacobite Jew Francis Francia was tortured to extort information, and where the five men arrested in 1696 on suspicion of involvement in the Assassination Plot still languished without trial. The History of the Press-Yard accordingly offered readers a chapter on ‘the Usage and Sickness of Mr Francia the Jew’ and ‘The History of the Unfortunate Florimel, one of