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3 Normative Should it be especially noteworthy for queer theory that what has been credited with a major role in inventing certain forms of lesbian identity is a middle-brow novel? Historians and literary critics such as Jeffrey Weeks (1977: 101), Sonja Ruehl (1982), Alan Sinfield (1994: 3) and Laura Doan (2001: 1–30) have all argued that Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness (1928), and the furore that its obscenity trial caused, were central to making available a distinct modern English lesbian subjectivity.1 The geographical reach of this identity beyond
administrators in policy processes. As discussed in Chapter 4 , my perspective emphasizes that municipal policy development happens in a dialectic process between local politicians and administrators, thus recognizing administrators as political actors and bureaucratic organizations as political arenas. This chapter elaborates on the dialectic relationship between political and administrative roles and argues that the normative rules guiding these roles are essential to an understanding of how municipal policy development unfolds and, thus, to an understanding of the
Foucault as anti-normative Listen, listen … How difficult it is! I am not a prophet; I am not an organiser; I don’t want to tell people what they should do. I am not going to tell them, ‘This is good for you, this is bad for you!’ (Foucault, 2016c : 137) The role of an intellectual is not to tell others what they must do. By what right would he do so? … The work of the intellectual is … to re-examine evidence and assumptions, to shake up habitual ways of thinking, to dissipate conventional familiarities, to re-evaluate rules and institutions … to
T HE NORMATIVE CONNECTION between the UN and intra-state conflicts is not static. It is a matter of continuous redefinition and reinterpretation as can be usefully observed in the context of intra-state peacekeeping environments. One of our contentions in this study is that, in the space of just three decades – that is, from the early 1960s to the early 1990s – the
5 Reconfiguring normative models of self Introduction Having considered the category of old age and ways it is made in the previous chapter, this chapter addresses the ways in which normative forms of selfhood and subjectivity can come under pressure and begin to shift in older age. In Chapter 1, I laid out a processual approach to the self that emphasises the salience of interaction and intersubjectivity in the creation of self. Within this framing, the self is negotiated through a variety of settings and situations, shifting at times to accommodate them. What
6 Normative legitimacy In what way can we evaluate the normative legitimacy of parents’ power? What makes some power relations and some exercises of power legitimate and others illegitimate? Throughout the earlier chapters of this book I drew attention to the possibility of moral conflict. I argued that there is no sufficiently strong reason to accept, as a general rule or principle, that one moral claim is more fundamental than all others, and that, when they are in conflict, should be given priority over those other claims. The same holds for the normative
M1546 - BIRCH TXT.qxp:ANDY Q7 27/10/08 11:31 Page 40 3 Normative arguments for and against compulsory voting As a mechanism for collective decision-making, democracy assumes popular participation, yet democratic theorists are divided over how much and what forms of participation are necessary for a political system to be democratic. There is also a potential tension between the collectivist exigencies of democracy and the individualist orientation of liberal notions of rights, both of which are commonly invoked in normative discussions of institutional
approach, the chapter will argue that the emergence of a new discourse can basically be understood as a response to severe social crisis, in which new social ideals are articulated by social actors and eventually become the anchor points of the new discourse and temporarily stabilise the new (normative) meaning in a relational system of signification. The discourse theoretical approach suggested here can be understood as an
This study explores the normative dimension of the evolving role of the United Nations in peace and security and, ultimately, in governance. What is dealt with here is both the UN's changing raison d'être and the wider normative context within which the organisation is located. The study looks at the UN through the window of one of its most contentious, yet least understood, practices: active involvement in intra-state conflicts as epitomised by UN peacekeeping. Drawing on the conceptual tools provided by the ‘historical structural’ approach, it seeks to understand how and why the international community continuously reinterprets or redefines the UN's role with regard to such conflicts. The study concentrates on intra-state ‘peacekeeping environments’, and examines what changes, if any, have occurred to the normative basis of UN peacekeeping in intra-state conflicts from the early 1960s to the early 1990s. One of the original aspects of the study is its analytical framework, where the conceptualisation of ‘normative basis’ revolves around objectives, functions and authority, and is closely connected with the institutionalised values in the UN Charter such as state sovereignty, human rights and socio-economic development.
This is an overview of some of the normative implications of the theory of power as developed so far. Constructing normative foundations entails shifting language game. The issue is not how power is but how power should be . As this entails a switch in language game, some readers may agree with the sociological theory, but disagree with what I argue constitute the normative implications. The normative theory is premised upon the sociological theory, not the other way around. So, the sociological theory is free-standing, while the normative arguments are not