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reflections on what solidarity and humanity may mean in times of global crises and fake news. COVID-19 has exposed once more the divide between wealthy nations and the rest ( Ho and Dascalu, 2020 ) – the former not necessarily distributed geographically but in relation to gatekeeping of patent rights and vaccine production facilities. While a small number of countries vaccinates all its populations, with some internal vulnerability ranking in most, for the majority of vulnerable populations globally the
. ( 2020 ), ‘ A Deadly Spillover: SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak ’, Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents , 30 : 7 , 481 – 5 , doi: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1760838 . 10.1080/13543776.2020.1760838 Rodríguez-Baño , J. et al . ( 2021 ), ‘ Key Considerations on the Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Drawing together essays written by scholars from Great Britain and the United States, this book provides an important contribution to the emerging field of disability history. It explores the development of modern transatlantic prosthetic industries in nineteenth and twentieth centuries and reveals how the co-alignment of medicine, industrial capitalism, and social norms shaped diverse lived experiences of prosthetic technologies and in turn, disability identities. Through case studies that focus on hearing aids, artificial tympanums, amplified telephones, artificial limbs, wigs and dentures, this book provides a new account of the historic relationship between prostheses, disability and industry. Essays draw on neglected source material, including patent records, trade literature and artefacts, to uncover the historic processes of commodification surrounding different prostheses and the involvement of neglected companies, philanthropists, medical practitioners, veterans, businessmen, wives, mothers and others in these processes. Its culturally informed commodification approach means that this book will be relevant to scholars interested in cultural, literary, social, political, medical, economic and commercial history.
137 6 ITINERANT MANIPULATORS AND PUBLIC BENEFACTORS: ARTIFICIAL LIMB PATENTS, MEDIC AL PROFESSIONALISM AND THE MORAL ECONOMY IN ANTEBELLUM AMERIC A Caroline Lieffers ‘The legal right is, of course, not disputed; the moral right is by no means so clear.’ So wrote Robert Arthur, a professor at the Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery, in 1853.1 Arthur was referring to the practice of patenting, which was at the centre of contentious debates to define ethics and etiquette in a variety of health professions in nineteenth-century America. The legal right was in
27 1 PURCHASE, USE AND ADAPTATION: INTERPRETING ‘PATENTED’ AIDS TO THE DEAF IN VICTORIAN BRITAIN Graeme Gooday and Karen Sayer Whether there was ever as much reluctance to acknowledge defective sight as there now is defective hearing, whether the mention of spectacles was ever as hateful as that of a trumpet, I do not know; but I was full as much grieved as amused lately at what was said to me in a shop where I went to try a new kind of trumpet: I assure you. ‘Ma’am,’ said the shopkeeper, ‘I dread to see a deaf person come into my shop. They all expect me to
GBB-chapter5 10/4/06 13:34 Page 135 5 Competition and criticism The Patent Company was in trouble. The big names of the Late Stuart stage were now to be found at Lincoln’s Inn Fields rather than at Drury Lane or Dorset Gardens and the London playgoing audience seemed more inclined to put their hands in their pockets for the rebels. Christopher Rich had managed to retain some senior players, notably comedian Joe Haynes. Several players had initially shown interest in joining the rebels but were persuaded to remain, including Susannah Verbruggen (formerly Mrs
and others in these processes. In particular, a little-explored avenue in the history of disability, and of prostheses more specifically, is the significance of company investment in and their consideration of intellectual-property protection. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, just as today, patenting and copyright enhanced product commercial viability, and yet we know very little about their effect on prostheses markets. In paying closer attention to commercial influences on prosthesis development and use, this volume not only outlines some of ways in
point to make, a way of laying the past to rest. His appropriation of the legend of Goodman’s Fields would reveal itself in the architectural modesty of the Royalty with its anonymous front that failed to advertise the spectacles within. It would be shown by Palmer’s plan to stage Garrick’s farce – Miss in Her Teens – on the opening night, along with his determination to give nightly eulogies to the great man.7 However, Goodman’s Fields had an association with something greater than one man; it had been the location of the last stand against the patent theatres – a
Linehan 10 13/6/07 11:35 Page 201 Afterword ‘It is the simplest thing so hard to achieve’, goes the final line in Bertolt Brecht’s famous poem,‘Praise of Communism’.Yet many British communists between the Wars felt the striving to realise their communist vision worthwhile, even though ‘the patents of their nobility’ lay far into the future as Max Eastman put it. Looking back on a lifetime of revolutionary activism which incorporated virtually all of the interwar years as an activist for the British Communist Party, the then octogenarian Harry Young paused to
In the winter of 1845–46 a young man from New Hampshire, auspiciously named Benjamin Franklin Palmer (c. 1824–98), carefully carved a piece of willow into the shape of a leg. 1 Inside, he fitted a complex apparatus for coordinated flexion and extension of the knee, ankle and toes. The following November, Palmer was granted the first patent for a prosthetic limb in the United States, and soon the ‘Palmer Patent Leg’ dominated the mid-nineteenth-century prosthesis market