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Negotiating nursing explores how the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service (Q.A.s) salvaged men within the sensitive gender negotiations of what should and could constitute nursing work and where that work could occur. The book argues that the Q.A.s, an entirely female force during the Second World War, were essential to recovering men physically, emotionally and spiritually from the battlefield and for the war, despite concerns about their presence on the frontline. The book maps the developments in nurses’ work as the Q.A.s created a legitimate space for themselves in war zones and established nurses’ position as the expert at the bedside. Using a range of personal testimony the book demonstrates how the exigencies of war demanded nurses alter the methods of nursing practice and the professional boundaries in which they had traditionally worked, in order to care for their soldier-patients in the challenging environments of a war zone. Although they may have transformed practice, their position in war was highly gendered and it was gender in the post-war era that prevented their considerable skills from being transferred to the new welfare state, as the women of Britain were returned to the home and hearth. The aftermath of war may therefore have augured professional disappointment for some nursing sisters, yet their contribution to nursing knowledge and practice was, and remains, significant.
a “modest” approach to the affairs of life’.3 Ultimately, acknowledgement of this more sceptical tradition might similarly have been made by the generations of doctors since 1890. Medical misadventure is inevitable, but if the experience of nineteenth-century practitioners is at all illustrative, its deployment for setting professional boundaries has been misconceived. Notes 1 St Andrew’s Healthcare Archive, Northampton, CL4 Northampton General Lunatic Asylum case notes 1862–67, p. 502; ‘The suicide of a Birmingham surgeon’, Birmingham Daily Post 12 June 1882, p
This volume aims to disclose the political, social and cultural factors that influenced the sanitary measures against epidemics developed in the Mediterranean during the long nineteenth century. The contributions to the book provide new interdisciplinary insights to the booming field of ‘quarantine studies’ through a systematic use of the analytic categories of space, identity and power. The ultimate goal is to show the multidimensional nature of quarantine, the intimate links that sanitary administrations and institutions had with the territorial organization of states, international trade, the construction of national, colonial, religious and professional identities or the configuration of political regimes. The circum-Mediterranean geographical spread of the case studies contained in this volume illuminates the similarities and differences around and across this sea, on the southern and northern shores, in Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Italian, English and French-speaking domains. At the same time, it is highly interested in engaging in the global English-speaking community, offering a wide range of terms, sources, bibliography, interpretative tools and views produced and elaborated in various Mediterranean countries. The historical approach will be useful to recognize the secular tensions that still lie behind present-day issues such as the return of epidemics or the global flows of migrants and refugees.
Victorian medical men could suffer numerous setbacks on their individual paths to professionalisation, and Thomas Elkanah Hoyle's career offers a telling exemplar. This book addresses a range of the financial, professional, and personal challenges that faced and sometimes defeated the aspiring medical men of England and Wales. Spanning the decades 1780-1890, from the publication of the first medical directory to the second Medical Registration Act, it considers their careers in England and Wales, and in the Indian Medical Service. The book questions the existing picture of broad and rising medical prosperity across the nineteenth century to consider the men who did not keep up with professionalising trends. Financial difficulty was widespread in medical practice, and while there are only a few who underwent bankruptcy or insolvency identified among medical suicides, the fear of financial failure could prove a powerful motive for self-destruction. The book unpicks the life stories of men such as Henry Edwards, who could not sustain a professional persona of disinterested expertise. In doing so it uncovers the trials of the medical marketplace and the pressures of medical masculinity. The book also considers charges against practitioners that entailed their neglect, incompetence or questionable practice which occasioned a threat to patients' lives. The occurrence and reporting of violent crime by medical men, specifically serious sexual assault and murder is also discussed. A tiny proportion of medical practitioners also experienced life as a patient in an asylum.
-examination particular attention was drawn to the issue of definition of professional boundaries between historians and anthropologists, the work of the ethno-historian and ethnographer. The witness was also called upon to defend her methodology and her reliance on particular sources. In his reasons for the decision in Yorta Yorta v. State of Victoria & Others , Olney J. was satisfied
. Shifting work and gender boundaries As nurses extended and expanded their work beyond the ‘normal’ remit of nursing practice,7 the gender and professional boundaries between medicine and nursing blurred. On active service overseas nurses increasingly ‘stood in’ for their medical colleagues as the exigencies of war demanded. One sister, part of the BEF evacuating Marseilles in June 1940, wrote that the colonel of her unit asked her about the medical fitness or otherwise of the patients: ‘He said he could not find the M.O. to ask him. I gave my opinion.’8 Sister Mary
, its impact was rarely obvious or clear-cut. The example of prisons suggests that HIV/AIDS activism should be conceived more broadly, to incorporate covert action, activities that tested professional boundaries, and individual risk-taking, even when those actions did not prompt immediate or obvious change. Interventions to improve policies or conditions concerning HIV/AIDS and prisons rarely made the
sources of legitimation and institutional power for their professions. They also promote sometimes rival ways of seeing the city, plural rationalities for organising the metropolis. They are powerful in promoting institutional interests and professional standards, sometimes less so in promoting crossover understandings between architects and planners, engineers, surveyors and health professionals. In contrast, in cities that are driving the major urbanisations of the twenty-first century the professional boundaries are at times more permeable, allowing opportunities
, disembodied theories of refraction. Spectacles were not part of medical practice and if medically qualified personnel considered their patient’s vision to be deteriorating or weak, they would refer them to an optician. The professional boundaries between the two were clear-cut. The optician was acknowledged as a specialist who understood the refractive properties of glass and how it could be applied to the eye. Their prospective customers were not particularly diverse; ‘weak vision’ described a broad category of
considerations Contacts with professional experts Co-operation and conflict lines follow professional boundaries that transcend the borders of the bureaucracy perceptions in a more or less routinised fashion (Beyers and Trondal 2004; Zurn and Checkel 2005). In summary, actor transformation implies that the compound set of roles and behaviour evoked by civil servants is less biased by their country of origin than by their supranational, departmental and/or professional affiliations respectively. They become less focused on defending fixed national positions than on discovering