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20.1 Introduction This chapter explores legal questions surrounding organ and tissue transplantation. Closely related questions addressing organ retention for the purposes of education and research are dealt with in Chapter 18 . The Human Tissue Act 2004 was enacted to regulate most of the questions relating to removal, retention and uses of
17.1 This chapter explores legal questions surrounding organ and tissue transplantation. It focuses solely on transplantation. Closely related questions relating to organ retention for the purposes of education and research are dealt with in Chapter 18 . 1 The Human Tissue Act 2004 regulates transplantation in England and Northern Ireland. Scotland has its own statute, the Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 and as we shall see Wales has made a substantial change to the law relating to cadaver transplantation in the Human Transplantation (Wales) Act 2013
25 The International Ancient Egyptian Mummy Tissue Bank Patricia Lambert-Zazulak The concept of tissue banking is well established, and has many applications in the medical field. Good examples are tissues stored for transplant surgery and also blood and blood product banking, all of which have contributed in many ways to modern medicine and research. Tissues are collected, stored, studied and distributed in a variety of ways appropriate to their uses, and each type of tissue bank has its own scientific and ethical considerations, which are complementary to
In organ transfer, tissue moves through a web of language. Metaphors reclassify the tissue to enable its redeployment, framing the process for practitioners and public. The process of marking off tissue as transferrable in legal and cultural terms parallels many of the processes that typically accompany commodification in late capitalism. This language of economic transformation echoes the language of Gothic ceremony, of purification and demarcation. As in literary Gothic s representations of ceremony, this economic work is anxious and the boundaries it creates unstable. This article identifies dominant metaphors shaping that ceremony of tissue reclassification, and examines how three twenty-first century novels deploy these metaphors to represent the harvest (procurement) process (the metaphor of harvest; is itself highly problematic, as I will discuss). Kazuo Ishiguros Never Let Me Go (2005), Neal Shusterman Unwind (2007), and Ninni Holmqvists Swedish novel Enhet (The Unit) (2006, translated into English in 2010) each depict vulnerable protagonists within societies where extreme tissue procurement protocols have state sanction. The texts invite us to reflect on the kinds of symbolic substitutions that help legitimate tissue transfer and the way that procurement protocols may become influenced by social imperatives. In each text, the Gothic trope of dismemberment becomes charged with new urgency.
In this article we explore the relational materiality of fragments of human cadavers used to produce DNA profiles of the unidentified dead at a forensic genetics police laboratory in Rio de Janeiro. Our point of departure is an apparently simple problem: how to discard already tested materials in order to open up physical space for incoming tissue samples. However, during our study we found that transforming human tissues and bone fragments into disposable trash requires a tremendous institutional investment of energy, involving negotiations with public health authorities, criminal courts and public burial grounds. The dilemma confronted by the forensic genetic lab suggests not only how some fragments are endowed with more personhood than others, but also how the very distinction between human remains and trash depends on a patchwork of multiple logics that does not necessarily perform according to well-established or predictable scripts.
-up. One of the problems is that if you focus just on the technology and not on the human support that is required for that technology to work, it will fail. For example, doing tissue transfers for a terrible wound that you need to close: you’ve got a lot of tissue missing, you can move a whole muscle – say, your latissimus dorsi . You can move that with its blood supply, cut it out, put it over the wound, and under an operating microscope you connect all the blood vessels so
of actions by incorporating the meaning attached to these facts by victim and perpetrator through interaction, discussion and debate, and not as arguments. Factual knowledge is accompanied by the acknowledgement of events and acceptance of accountability in the context of restoring the dignity of victims and survivors. Given the importance of the discursive in the gacaca practice as well as in the popular appraisal of the courts impact on the social tissue and given the fact that there are different dimensions to the truth as suggested in the report of the
preparation of the project had taken about three years and involved many different disciplines that were currently used for the radiological, chemical, dental, microscopic and pathological investigations of hospital patients. In addition, examinations of the wrappings and body tissues were undertaken by new and cutting-edge scientific techniques such as carbon-14 dating. It is testament to the persuasiveness and vigour of Rosalie David that this international group of individuals came together with a common aim. Information gained from this scientific examination would pave
communities that dwell by rivers constantly swim, fish and wash there, and this lifestyle, combined with increased irrigation and poor sanitation, makes them vulnerable to the cercariae (free-swimming larval stage). The parasitic Schistosoma lives and feeds upon the cells, blood, mucus and tissue fluids of its primary host and although most Schistosoma infect only animals, humans can be infected. The three main species responsible for the infection are Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum. As shown in Figure 16.1, S. mansoni and S. japonicum live primarily
18.1 We take our bodies for granted most of the time. The purpose of our organs and tissue is to sustain us, the people who live in those bodies. We refer without reflection to ‘our’ hands, ‘our’ hearts. Whether that language of ownership is reflected in the law may be doubted, although the decision of the Court of Appeal in Yearworth v North Bristol NHS Trust 2 issued in a new era in debates about owning at least some parts of ‘ourselves’. What is beyond doubt is that our human body parts have value to others. 3 ‘My’ kidney may save ‘your’ life. That