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The Arctic region has been the subject of much popular writing. This book considers nineteenth-century representations of the Arctic, and draws upon an extensive range of evidence that will allow the 'widest connections' to emerge from a 'cross-disciplinary analysis' using different methodologies and subject matter. It positions the Arctic alongside more thoroughly investigated theatres of Victorian enterprise. In the nineteenth century, most images were in the form of paintings, travel narratives, lectures given by the explorers themselves and photographs. The book explores key themes in Arctic images which impacted on subsequent representations through text, painting and photography. For much of the nineteenth century, national and regional geographical societies promoted exploration, and rewarded heroic endeavor. The book discusses images of the Arctic which originated in the activities of the geographical societies. The Times provided very low-key reporting of Arctic expeditions, as evidenced by its coverage of the missions of Sir John Franklin and James Clark Ross. However, the illustrated weekly became one of the main sources of popular representations of the Arctic. The book looks at the exhibitions of Arctic peoples, Arctic exploration and Arctic fauna in Britain. Late nineteenth-century exhibitions which featured the Arctic were essentially nostalgic in tone. The Golliwogg's Polar Adventures, published in 1900, drew on adult representations of the Arctic and will have confirmed and reinforced children's perceptions of the region. Text books, board games and novels helped to keep the subject alive among the young.
dialogic imagination, over individual voice –in Tennant’s vision for the work and, arguably, in the neo-Victorian enterprise more broadly. (We might also note the likely economic imperative to this renaming: an ethics of marketability, with the Brontëan source text more immediately recognisable in the title.) Chapters in Thornfield Hall are told in the first person by Adèle, Edward Rochester, Grace Poole and Mrs Fairfax (but intriguingly not Bertha/Antoinette), and this multiplicity of voices opens up perspectives on a host of other characters from Brontë’s text and
(New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press), pp. 37–9. 19 S. Phillips, Guide to the Crystal Palace and Park (London: Bradbury & Evans, 1854), p. 163. 20 C. Hobhouse, 1851 and the Crystal Palace (London, 1937), pp. 159–60. P. Beaver, The Crystal Palace 1851–1936. A Portrait of Victorian Enterprise (London, 1970) also portrays the Sydenham Palace as an amusing Victorian curiosity. 21 Sport is explored in further detail in Chapter 5. On amusement parks see 22 after 1851 J. Kane, The Architecture of Pleasure: British Amusement Parks 1900–1939 (Farnham
(London: Picador, 1988), pp. 387–477. 30 Conekin, ‘Fun and Fantasy’, 129. 31 Kent State University, Ohio, James Broughton Papers, collection 1, box 26, folio 7, James Broughton, The Pleasure Garden, early treatment. 32 A. H. Coxe, ‘It Sprang from the Spring Gardens’, in Festival of Britain Commission, Pleasure Gardens, Battersea Park Guide (London: Festival of Britain, 1951), pp. 44–8. 33 M. Foucault, ‘Of Other Spaces’, trans. J. Miskowiec, Diacritics, 16 (Spring 1986), 22–7. 34 Ibid., 25. 35 See P. Beaver, The Crystal Palace: A Portrait of Victorian Enterprise
‘prehistory’ of the information society in government uses case studies of the Post Office and MI5 and deals with the mechanics of information management. 43 Even if we look outside central government it is 001-021 PoliceControl Introduction.indd 10 19/07/2013 09:21 Introduction11 difficult to find many detailed histories of administrative practices: as Campbell-Kelly noted, techniques of data processing in large Victorian enterprises tend ‘to go unrecorded’.44 The history of information within the firm has been pioneered by historians of American corporate practice
imagination, no less significant to that era than the exoticism of the Orient or the darkness at the heart of Africa. This book positions the Arctic alongside more thoroughly investigated theatres of Victorian enterprise. It seeks to extend understanding of polar and cultural history through the examinination of a wide variety of nineteenth century Arctic representations, using theoretical approaches devised by
Patrick Beaver, The Crystal Palace: A Portrait of Victorian Enterprise (Chichester, Phillimore, 1986), p. 84. 28 Henry Incledon Pilcher, Diary 1866, Australian National Maritime Museum, Sydney, 4 August. 29 George F. Chadwick, The Works of Sir Joseph Paxton, 1803–65 (London, Architectural Press, 1961), p. 148. 30 Ibid., p. 148; the north transept was destroyed by fire on 30 December 1866
considered in very much the African tradition – Parley actually denied that Russian Arctic peoples had a history. 32 Another consequence of its emptiness was the lack of the ‘little wars’ which were so common a feature of Victorian enterprise in Africa, India and China. These wars provided opportunities for armed exploit, personal heroics, denunciations of ‘perfidious natives