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This book presents new theories and international empirical evidence on the state of work and employment around the world. Changes in production systems, economic conditions and regulatory conditions are posing new questions about the growing use by employers of precarious forms of work, the contradictory approaches of governments towards employment and social policy, and the ability of trade unions to improve the distribution of decent employment conditions. Designed as a tribute to the highly influential contributions of Jill Rubery, the book proposes a ‘new labour market segmentation approach’ for the investigation of issues of job quality, employment inequalities, and precarious work. This approach is distinctive in seeking to place the changing international patterns and experiences of labour market inequalities in the wider context of shifting gender relations, regulatory regimes and production structures.
per cent, respectively (in cumulative terms). The multi-layered and coordinated system of collective bargaining led to important wage inequalities, especially between the public and private sectors, but at the same time reinforced the middle of the wage distribution through national bargaining on sector and occupational minima and established relatively low inequality in the bottom half of the wage distribution; the pre-crisis Kaitz level was still higher than the EU average in 2008 (Figure 17.3). As for the real value of the minimum wage (purchasing power), this
or oppose the collective demands of labor? Do networks promote new divisions and new inequalities among workers? (Grimshaw et al., 2005: 40) These remain key questions today in the analysis of networked forms of production. Where is value created and how and where is it extracted? Does outsourcing deliver on promises of increased efficiency and, if so, do workers share in productivity gains? How are workers allocated among different organisations in an inter-firm network? How does this affect the quality of jobs, wage growth, wage inequality and the power of
Newspapers, magazines and pamphlets have always been central, almost sacred, forms of communication within Irish republican political culture. While social media is becoming the primary ideological battleground in many democracies, Irish republicanism steadfastly expresses itself in the traditional forms of activist journalism.
Shinners, Dissos and Dissenters is a long-term analysis of the development of Irish republican activist media since 1998 and the tumultuous years following the end of the Troubles. It is the first in-depth analysis of the newspapers, magazines and online spaces in which the differing strands of Irish republicanism developed and were articulated during a period where schism and dissent defined a return to violence.
Based on an analysis of Irish republican media outlets as well as interviews with the key activists that produced them, this book provides a compelling long-term snapshot of a political ideology in transition. It reveals how Irish Republicanism was moulded by the twin forces of the Northern Ireland Peace Process and the violent internal ideological schism that threatened a return to the ‘bad old days’ of the Troubles.
This book is vital for those studying Irish politics and those interestedin activism as it provides new insights into the role that modern activist media forms have played in the ideological development of a 200-year-old political tradition.
The election of Barack Obama was a milestone in US history with tremendous symbolic importance for the black community. But was this symbolism backed up by substance? Did ordinary black people really benefit under the first black president?
This is the question that Andra Gillespie sets out to answer in Race and the Obama Administration. Using a variety of methodological techniques—from content analysis of executive orders to comparisons of key indicators, such as homeownership and employment rates under Clinton, Bush, and Obama— the book charts the progress of black causes and provides valuable perspective on the limitations of presidential power in addressing issues of racial inequality. Gillespie uses public opinion data to investigate the purported disconnect between Obama’s performance and his consistently high ratings among black voters, asking how far the symbolic power of the first black family in the White House was able to compensate for the compromises of political office.
Scholarly but accessible, Race and the Obama Administration will be of interest to students and lecturers in US politics and race studies, as well as to general readers who want to better understand the situation of the black community in the US today and the prospects for its improvement.
. Minimum wages, on the other hand, are generally below the low-wage threshold (less than twothirds of the median wage) and therefore compress wages only in the lower deciles of the income distribution. Research in many countries has produced similar results. In their survey of 49 studies on collective agreements and wage inequality in recent decades in both developed and developing countries, Hayter and Weinberg (2011) show that wage inequality in the economy as a whole is reduced by collective agreements. Certainly it would be desirable if the trade unions were in a
et al., ‘Labor-managed and private firms’; G. Burdín, ‘Equality under threat by the talented: evidence from worker-managed firms’, IZA Discussion Paper No. 7854 (Bonn: IZA, 2013). 48 N. Magne, ‘Wage inequality in French worker cooperatives versus conventional firms’, paper presented to the Congress of the European Association for Comparative Economic Studies, Budapest (2014). 49 Bartlett et al., ‘Labor-managed and private firms’; Burdín, ‘Equality under threat’; Magne, ‘Wage inequality in French worker cooperatives’; Pencavel et al., ‘Wages, employment and capital
workers I worked with thought their job was just another job, nothing special about being ‘public sector’ to be defended as such. Even under a Labour local authority, power relations between management and workers, its disciplinary regimes and productivity incentives, were different but not so different from any capitalist private enterprise. The division between manual workers and managerial staff, wage inequalities between top council officials, higher management and the lowest-paid clerical or manual workers, and employment security and pension entitlements
not secure a just distribution of societal market wealth. Rather, the wage is a vehicle for creating inequalities between owners of capital and wage earners on the one hand and the hierarchies of wage inequality dividing wage earners on the other, with a super-salariat at the top and twenty-first century zero-hours contracts at the bottom. MEAB and the Note on Profit provided some conceptual tools for the analysis of historically changing and societally varying generation of inequalities. Then, a substantive analysis was undertaken of how the exchange relation
Collective Victimhood ( New York : Oxford University Press ), 77–99 . Kannan , K. P. ( 2018 ). ‘ The macro picture ’ in Shah et al., Ground Down by Growth: Tribe, Caste, Class and Inequality in Twenty-First-Century India ( London : Pluto Press ), 32–48 . Kannan , K. P. ( 2019 ). ‘ Focus on wage inequality ’, presentation at ISLE 61st conference, Mimeo