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Cooperation and trust were increasingly scarce commodities in the inner councils of the EU. This book explores why the boldest initiative in the sixty-year quest to achieve a borderless Europe has exploded in the face of the EU. A close examination of each stage of the EU financial emergency that offers evidence that the European values that are supposed to provide solidarity within the twenty eight-member EU in good times and bad are flimsy and thinly distributed. The book aims to show that it is possible to view the difficulties of the EU as rooted in much longer-term decision-making. It begins with an exploration of the long-term preparations that were made to create a single currency encompassing a large part of the European Union. The book then examines the different ways in which the European Union seized the initiative from the European nation-state, from the formation of the Coal and Steel Community to the Maastricht Treaty. It focuses on the role of France and Germany in the EU. Difficulties that have arisen for the EU as it has tried to foster a new European consciousness are discussed next. The increasingly strained relationship between the EU and the democratic process is also examined. The book discusses the evolution of the crisis in the eurozone and the shortcomings which have impeded the EU from bringing it under control. It ends with a portrait of a European Union in 2013 wracked by mutual suspicions.
triple gallows on an open-top van, with a sign reading ‘Troika’ – in reference to the austerity inspectors from the European Union, the IMF and the European Central Bank. An officer from each of the services – police, coast guard and firefighters – then stood with his head in a noose. 6 This book explores why the boldest initiative in the sixty-year quest to achieve a borderless Europe has exploded in the face of the EU. A close examination of each stage of the EU financial emergency offers evidence that the European values that are supposed to provide solidarity
road movie in the second part, in which Elias hitchhikes through a theoretically borderless Europe until he reaches Paris. The Schengen Agreement – signed on 14 June 1985 by five European countries and gradually expanded to 26 countries as of 2011 – was created to build a Europe without national borders. Following globalist and transnational perspectives, a borderless Europe encouraged the free flow of people, money, consumer goods and information. However, it has been clear since its inception that European borders are open to goods, capital and services, and
. Wilson , T. L. ( 2016 ). Unravelling orders in a borderless Europe? Cross-border reproductive care and the paradoxes of assisted reproductive technology policy in Germany and Poland , Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online 3 , 48–59 . Wright , J. A. ( 2012 ). Justice between fairness and love? Christian ethics in dialogue with Rawls and Niebuhr , International Journal of Public Theology 6 , 306–28 .
the Eurozone, involved a lack of coordination accompanied by increasing fragmentation. member states have divided over what to do and how, retreating even from the integration already in place, both in terms of Schengen’s borderless Europe and the rules governing asylum seekers. In the security crisis, moreover, the failure to move toward any significant integration continues to plague the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) – and this despite the rising risks of terrorism coming from the Middle East and the continued threat from Russia linked to the
‘borderless Europe’, the transfer of responsibility of illegal immigration to the flight and shipping companies, has resulted in many cases in even more scrupulous checking of passports than before. An international system of stratification has been created, at the top of which are found western passports which almost always guarantee their carriers the right of
. Unlike their counterparts, international luminaries coded the Rhine's dark beauty as more than merely German. Victor Hugo's literary travelogue on the Rhine combined three trips he made with Juliette Drouet in 1838, 1839, and 1840. Woven into his vivid descriptions of the river is his political visions of a borderless Europe (Thompson 2012 : 145). Disguised as letters to his wife, Hugo's prose celebrates the Rhine's pan-European character: Yes, my friend, the Rhine is a noble river—feudal, republican
of Europe, but is very important for the future of Westerwelle’. 42 The genuine visionaries animated by a borderless Europe began with Monnet and Schuman and seem to have expired with the retirement of Jacques Delors and Helmut Kohl in the 1990s. The integration agenda in the last twenty years has increasingly been directed by the requirements of political expediency, a characteristic that has also shaped the management of the current crisis in specific ways. Much of the initial enthusiasm for the euro had sprung from the anticipated gains for what are now seen
within what Ortega theorises as a ‘borderless Ryan air [ sic ] world’ ( 2011 : 24). If, as Balibar puts it, it is the working of the borderline that ‘produces’ ( 2009 : 203) the kinds of strangers so ubiquitous in contemporary European cinema, touring exchanges within borderless Europe can be seen as primarily producing new neighbours, friends, and connections within a borderland space. Despite this
-of-placeness’ as an embarrassing exception to the European ideal of egalitarian citizenship. Conclusion In his assessment of ‘hierarchies of passage’ in post-Yugoslav states, Jansen draws attention to how ‘the creation of a borderless Europe was always a doubly constitutive process: removing fences within it, it built higher 160 160 Queer exceptions fences around’ (2009: 819). Ostojić’s practice, located in suspended relation to the promise of European citizenship, suggests how that regime is not constrained to the outer geographical limits of the European project, but is