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This book provides readers with an analytical framework that serves to investigate and explain how the EU adapts its foreign policy in the wake of crisis. While a range of studies dedicated to foreign policy stability and change exist for the US context, such analyses are rare for the assessment and measurement of foreign policy change at the European Union level. This book explores a range of theories of (foreign) policy change and assesses their value for explaining EU foreign policy change. Changes to EU foreign policy, this study proposes based upon an in-depth investigation of recent episodes in which foreign policy has changed, are not captured well using existing typologies of policy change from other fields of study.
Offering a new perspective on the question of change, this book proposes an analytical framework focused on how institutions, institutional ‘plasticity’ and temporal context impact on the decision-making process leading to change. It thus provides readers with the tools to analyse, explain and conceptualise the various change outcomes in EU foreign policy. In so doing, it sets the theoretical approach of historical institutionalism to work in an EU foreign policy setting. Based on a rich empirical analysis of five case studies it provides a revised typology of EU foreign policy change. It proposes two novel forms of foreign policy change, symbolic change and constructive ambiguity, as frequent and important outcomes of the EU decision-making process.
Society. Sherrington has examined the Society in Britain from its foundation to 1883. For the period 1908–48, she explores the changing relations between the Society and the State. While the Society’s early innovatory work had become more formalised in the twentieth century, statutory services were expanding into areas originally pioneered by the Society, and Sherrington describes this as a period of ‘crisis and change’ within its work as it attempted to redefine its role. The Society was now acting as a form of children’s police, involving itself in matters of justice
Cyprus is a conflict at the crossroads in more than one sense. It has been the site of one of the most long-standing and protracted conflicts in international politics, bedevilled by a complex interplay of actors and factors at the local, regional, European and international levels. Yet it finds itself at a particularly crucial moment in its historical evolution. This book is divided into four main parts. The first focuses on the internal actors and units of analysis within conflict contexts, and illustrates how and why delving into the dynamics within conflict parties can offer a richer and more comprehensive understanding of the existence, persistence and evolution of conflict. The second book turns to external actors and factors in conflict, and assess how the regional, European and wider international dimensions of the Cyprus conflict have influenced conflict dynamics, in interaction with its internal determinants. The third part broadens this set of approaches by involving the case of Cyprus in comparative analysis, be this on the constitutional features of future solutions, on the role of one internal actor in conflict within European Union, such as the refugees, or on the role of an external actor involved in conflict resolution. The last part of the book broadens out beyond conflict studies strictly defined.
For years historians have recognised, and occasionally remarked in print, that there is a great lacuna in our knowledge concerning the nature of witchcraft and magic in England and Wales after the period of the witch-trials. Yet while there has been a steady flow of papers, and, more recently, a wave of fine books on witchcraft in early modern England, no one has sought to extend research beyond that period. This book is an attempt to redress this imbalance. It presents an overview of all aspects of magical belief during the period 1736-1951. The author of the book looks at the subject from a variety of different cultural aspects in order to illustrate the diversity of ways that witchcraft and magic in the period can be understood and studied from a historical perspective. The book also demonstrates the potential rewards of researching witchcraft and magic in the modern period, and stimulates others to treat the subject with the academic respect it deserves. Today, as in the past, there are many who believe that there are legitimate and serious principles behind these practices. The author sums up that Fortune-telling and astrology were inextricably bound up with more overtly magical beliefs and practices.
In May 1958, and four years into the Algerian War of Independence, a revolt again appropriated the revolutionary and republican symbolism of the French Revolution by seizing power through a Committee of Public Safety. This book explores why a repressive colonial system that had for over a century maintained the material and intellectual backwardness of Algerian women now turned to an extensive programme of 'emancipation'. After a brief background sketch of the situation of Algerian women during the post-war decade, it discusses the various factors contributed to the emergence of the first significant women's organisations in the main urban centres. It was only after the outbreak of the rebellion in 1954 and the arrival of many hundreds of wives of army officers that the model of female interventionism became dramatically activated. The French military intervention in Algeria during 1954-1962 derived its force from the Orientalist current in European colonialism and also seemed to foreshadow the revival of global Islamophobia after 1979 and the eventual moves to 'liberate' Muslim societies by US-led neo-imperialism in Afghanistan and Iraq. For the women of Bordj Okhriss, as throughout Algeria, the French army represented a dangerous and powerful force associated with mass destruction, brutality and rape. The central contradiction facing the mobile socio-medical teams teams was how to gain the trust of Algerian women and to bring them social progress and emancipation when they themselves were part of an army that had destroyed their villages and driven them into refugee camps.
. 26 The literature is extensive: Jeffrey Anderson , G. John Ikenberry , and Thomas Risse , The End of the West: Crisis and Change in the Atlantic Order ( Ithaca : Cornell University Press , 2008 ); Mary Hampton , A Thorn in Transatlantic Relations
setting up of the ISPCC in 1956. From 1922, the Society had to adjust its focus to survive in independent Ireland. This notion of ‘crisis and change’ was not unique to the Irish Society, as Christine Anne Sherrington’s examination of the NSPCC in Britain has shown, but Irish circumstances exacerbated the need for changing foci. In the aftermath of the First World War, many states had engaged in a discourse on the rights of children, the role of the State in child welfare and interventions in the family. For the Irish NSPCC, the challenges to its existence were
treated as silos. The multiple departments of local and regional, like central, government will fail in a world of chronic environmental, economic and fiscal crisis and changing demography unless they learn to work together in confronting interwoven needs and ends. This means working with diverse partners ‘outside’. It may seem hard, complex and messy to achieve; the more so when regions find themselves constrained in personnel and other resources. The alternatives are bleaker still. Regional leadership may have to remake its administration so as to be able to embed
space. 2 J. Anderson, G. J. Ikenberry and T. Risse (eds), The End of the West? Crisis and Change in the Atlantic Order (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008); G. Scott-Smith (ed.), Obama, US Politics, and Transatlantic Relations: Change or Continuity? (Brussels: Peter Lang, 2012). 3 D. Hamilton, Winning the Trade Peace: How to Make the Most of the EU-US Trade and Investment Partnership (New Direction Foundation, May 2013). 4 A. Bacevich, The Short American Century: A Postmortem
.), Crisis and change in the Venetian economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (London and New York: Routledge, 2013 ), pp. 146–74. 20 Goy, Building Renaissance Venice , pp. 48