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East-Central European countries, the Visegrád Four to include the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, have developed a divergence of approaches to key issues of national defense. Measures of defense capability include size of defense budgets, numbers of persons in the armed forces, and willingness to engage in foreign deployments led by NATO and the EU that act as integrating forces within the region. The communist experiences of earlier decades have acted as legacies that have shaped countries’ post-1989 approaches to national and regional defense. However, the evolution of liberal-democratic patterns and systems have played a meaningful role as well. In spite of those convergence experiences and patterns, divergence among them has characterized their interactions as well. Poland has been more willing to take on regional defense obligations, while the other three have been more reluctant. Since the 2014 Ukrainian Crisis, a strident and divisive nationalism has shaken each of them and modified their approaches to defense issues.
constructed national borders but as a means of monopolisation geared to build global elites engaged in the hyper-individualised self-help industry. This multi-faceted spin captures the complexity of Hall’s conjuncture in which divisive nationalism and control arise in what appears to be a single, almost rightful, proud act of re-appropriation. Lorde
complete a novel, then as a resident in Woodlands Road, Crumpsall, in what was then a new area of Jewish settlement in north Manchester. He was the sort of man, like the academics arriving at the University of Manchester, who might just have won Laski’s support, although no evidence of their encounter survives.75 There is some evidence, too, that some members of the ISC were ill at ease with the increasingly vocal Zionist enterprise, seeing in it, perhaps, a form of divisive nationalism at odds with Quaker notions of the Brotherhood of Man. In June 1938, when the
’s desire to enhance her wealth and rank encourages her to compromise. She settles for ‘such a Husband as she would choose for free living’. In the restructured philhellene Protestant European federation, her father’s divisive nationalism is of little relevance. Perselina chooses a reformed Achaian, whose suitability is validated by his ‘acquaintance with Rosindy, and service to