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This book provides a comprehensive introduction into the making, development and implementation of European Union (EU) environmental politics. The environmental policy of the EU has made impressive progress during the last three decades. Starting off as little more than a by-product of economic integration, it has developed into a central area of EU policy making. The book explores the driving forces behind this development, identifying the central areas and instruments of EU environmental policy, and analyses the factors influencing not only the formulation, but also the implementation, of environmental measures in the complex multi-level setting of the EU. On this basis, it takes a critical look at the EU's effectiveness and problem-solving capacity in the environmental field, employing an analytical perspective based on the theoretical state of the art of EU policy studies. Thus, the book provides an overview of the major theoretical approaches available in the field. At the same time, the discussion is illustrated by a broad range of empirical findings with regard to the formulation and implementation of EU environmental policy.
The politics of cyberspace is of importance both for the future use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) and within traditional political arenas, commerce and society itself. Within Britain there are many different political groups that have a presence online and utilise CMC, including for example members of the far right, human rights advocates, religious groups and environmental activists. This book examines the relationship between the strategies of environmental activist movements in Britain and their use of CMC. It explores how environmental activists negotiate the tensions and embrace the opportunities of CMC, and analyses the consequences of their actions for the forms and processes of environmental politics. It serves as a disjuncture from some broader critiques of the implications of CMC for society as a whole, concentrating on unpacking what CMC means for activists engaged in social change. Within this broad aim there are three specific objectives. It first evaluates how CMC provides opportunities for political expression and mobilization. Second, the book examines whether CMC use has different implications for established environmental lobbying organisations than it does for the non-hierarchical fluid networks of direct action groups. Third, it elucidates the influence of CMC on campaign strategies and consequently on business, government and regulatory responses to environmental activism.
have been examined, and yet to emphasise that this was a crucial period which determined future frameworks of technology use. Second, how the changes identified in the preceding chapters have influenced environmental politics is explored, as are the challenges which remain for environmentalists both online and offline. Third, given these changes and challenges, it is possible to extrapolate from this study to the broader implications of CMC use for social movements. Fourth, in the context of these changes the chapter concludes by examining the possibilities for
the general criteria for ecologically rational governance presented in the first part of Chapter 1. Second, I confront the Swedish case with arguments put forth in recent comparative studies of environmental politics and policies for sustainable development. One line of argument concerns the possibility for democracies in advanced industrial states to actually get over the fence to the greener side, i.e., to organise for sustainability. The editors of Governance and Environment in Western Europe argue that democratically elected politicians are locked into the logic
film in a critical context where the material imperatives of rural life, borne out by the production negotiations and to an extent by the text of the film, are displaced by the cultural frame of the nation and the ongoing concern of how Scotland has been represented and should be represented. The relation between the cultural politics of the national and the environmental politics of conservation
implications for the politics of global warming and the main actors in policy-making over global warming will also be briefly explained. Policy styles and environmental politics in Japan Consensus, concertation and developmentalism Japan underwent a major administrative reorganisation in 2001. Because this study looks largely at politics and policy before then, I will outline the previous organisation. Table 4.1 shows the main ministries and agencies involved in environmental policy. The primary responsibility for environmental policy in Japan lay with the Environment Agency
entrepreneurial governance produce a picture of the city which sets up an opposition between those who are doing the work of government with those who are being governed. Whilst this was certainly a key feature of my earlier research on economic development, my more recent work on environmental politics in the city unsettles and challenges this dualistic description of political relations in this city. It was in the context of this understanding of the manner in which politics had been pursued in the city that I encountered the Manchester: A Certain Future steering group. I
one became animal or plant through literature, which certainly does not mean literally?’ 11 Political ecologies The transformative capacity of literature as a device for reconnecting the human with the non-human is a central aspect of Moore’s work on Swamp Thing , which communicates an environmental politics that registers across
, we will extend our analysis from the previous chapter on the role of debt in wealth transfer. Finally, we want to suggest the difficulties of changing our present environmental, political, and social 90 Debt as Power trajectories within the existing political economy by briefly examining the question of who controls the future of food and energy. A brief history of perpetual growth As mentioned above, the prime assumption of neoliberal economists, policy makers, and politicians is that perpetual economic growth, as measured by gross national product (GNP), is
Environmental politics has traditionally been a peripheral concern for IR theory, but increasing alarm over global environmental challenges has elevated international society’s relationship with the natural world into the theoretical limelight. IR theory’s engagement with environmental politics, however, has largely focused on interstate cooperation in the late twentieth century, with few works exploring the longstanding historical links between the management of natural resources and the foundations of the modern international order. This book examines nineteenth-century efforts to establish international commissions on three transboundary rivers – the Rhine, the Danube, and the Congo. It charts how the ambition to tame nature (both the natural world and human nature) became an international standard of rational and civilized authority and informed our geographical imagination of the international. This notion of domination over nature was central to the emergence of the early international order in the way it shaped three core IR concepts: the territorial sovereign state, imperial hierarchies, and international organizations. The book contributes to environmental politics and IR by highlighting how the relationship between society and nature, rather than being a peripheral concern, has always lain at the heart of international politics.