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This book looks at India in the context of a globalized world. It starts by looking at the history of Indian civilization, exploring the roots of Indian identity and highlighting processes such as foreign invasions, foreign trade, cultural imperialism, colonial rule and the growth of Indian nationalism. The founding fathers wanted India to be a liberal democracy and the values enshrined in the constitution were expected to form the basis of a society more in tune with the modern world. The book examines the gradual democratization of Indian politics. Cultural and ethnic divisions in Indian society are examined in depth, as are the problems that have prevented economic development and stood in the way of economic liberalization. The history of India's integration into the global economy is considered, and the opportunities available to the country in the early years of the twenty-first century are detailed. Alternative approaches to the development of the country, such as those put forward by Gandhi, are discussed, and the final chapters consider the Indian government's perception of the Indian diaspora, as well as the changing priorities reflected in India's foreign policy since 1947.
significant that they were willing to make political use of a mode of discourse that was almost universally associated with the seditious multitude. The encouragement and exploitation of common rumours was to reach its height during the Long Parliament, when at critical moments, Pym and his allies sought to excite popular fears by evoking the threat of internal Catholic conspiracy and foreign invasion.183 Notes 1 John Castle to William Trumbull, 6 December 1622, Add. 72276, fol. 19r. 2 Castle to Trumbull, 2 August 1621, Add. 72275, fol. 119r. 3 Giles Mompesson to
Model and metaphor in botanical taxonomy IN LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY Britain, in a climate rife with anxieties over disorder and the threat of foreign invasion, botany became bound up with concerns over order and national identity. An anonymous poem – there are good reasons to attribute it to Anna Seward – written to commemorate the Lichfield Botanical Society’s translation
This chapter focuses on the history of India. It explores the roots of Indian identity and discusses how the Indian civilisation was influenced by various processes such as foreign invasions, foreign trade and cultural imperialism. This chapter suggests that these processes have forged links between Indian and other societies and explains that these links are being emphasized by both the Indian government and the media in this age of globalisation.
(western and eastern) 405 years, and the Qin only 14 years, after having united and founded the Middle Kingdom. Many dynasties began with great momentum; some entered their prime in the first 60–80 years; some declined sooner than others after the first few hardworking Emperors left the scene. All would end by peasant rebellion, rival takeover or foreign invasions. Will the Communist dynasty escape this pattern? Full of drama, suspense and unexpected turns, the story of modern China is rich and extremely colourful. It is a tale of national survival, economic
. Then, in 1924, Lenin fell into a coma and died, leaving the country in the hands of his close associates. Joseph Stalin, one of these, acted fast: eliminating his rivals one by one, he worked his way up to the pinnacle of power, replacing Lenin to become the undisputed political leader of the USSR. Fearing foreign invasion, Stalin wanted to turn the largely agricultural Soviet Union into an industrial power. In 1928, he proclaimed the beginning of “industrialization”. His plans to modernize the Soviet economy were truly ambitious and set
(and later humanist, new world) idea of noble savagism: the nomadic, non-Christian, non-civil government of the Tartars was better than the utterly corrupt government of what should have been a flourishing Christian commonwealth. If Christian, civil, commonwealth government became corrupt, the options were either destructive and aggressive – resistance, foreign invasion or civil war – or proactively preventive – restoring virtuous nobility, prioritising counsel, honouring the role of parliament, and encouraging mixed-estate government. Ultimately, however, Fletcher
was written by a man who had at first opposed the king’s action but who had now ‘seen the light’. Official sermons were published at crown expense and distributed to the clergy. Yet when popular discontent erupted in open rebellion in the north after 1536, it was essential to print works linking domestic treason with the threat of foreign invasion – a classic propaganda device designed to pinpoint the enemy within. Papists now became part of a conspiracy to overthrow the crown engineered from abroad, especially when Cardinal Pole threatened invasion at the end of
“traditional” princes’ (1998: 103). 216 India in a globalized world Globalization involves the interconnectedness of societies. This book has noted the features of contemporary globalization but also argued that earlier phases of globalization were equally significant and instrumental in bringing about a ‘global world’. Earlier phases were associated with foreign invasions, trade, imperialism and missionary activity that took place many centuries ago. Later European colonialism, the emergence of a global economy and India’s integration into it, and migration from South
of belonging are much more positively connoted there. The unimaginable strains of repeated resistance to foreign invasion, including the human cost of the Vietnam–American conflict harrowingly retold in Bảo Ninh’s The Sorrow of War ( 1993 ), have not sapped the mobilising force of nationalist imagery. Instead, the narrative of resistance continues to be used by the VCP as it faces new ‘enemies’ such as poverty and