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At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the European Union (EU) stands out as an important regional organization. This book focuses on the influence of the World Bank on the EU development cooperation policy, with special emphasis on the Lomé Convention. It explains the influence of trade liberalisation on EU trade preferences and provides a comparative analysis of the content and direction of the policies developed towards the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP), the Mediterranean, Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe. It looks at the trade-related directorates and their contribution to the phenomenon referred as 'trade liberalisation'. This includes trends towards the removal or elimination of trade preferences and the ideology underlying this reflected in and created by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organisation (GATT/WTO). The book examines the role of the mass media because the media are supposed to play a unique role in encouraging political reactions to humanitarian emergencies. The bolting on to development 'policy' of other continents, and the separate existence of a badly run Humanitarian Office (ECHO), brought the lie to the Maastricht Treaty telling us that the EU really had a coherent development policy. The Third World in general, and Africa in particular, are becoming important components in the EU's efforts to develop into a significant international player. The Cotonou Agreement proposes to end the preferential trade margins accorded to non-least developed ACP states in favour of more liberal free trade agreements strongly shaped by the WTO agenda.
more prominently than before (Article 11). The inclusion of migration extends the agreement and accommodates growing European concerns explicitly (Article 13). The Cotonou Agreement also proposes finally to end the preferential trade margins accorded to non-least developed ACP states in favour of more liberal free trade agreements strongly shaped by the WTO agenda (Article 36). These changes need to be seen in the context of the April 2000 elaboration of new Commission guidelines for development policy. These include the desire 149 EUD9 10/28/03 3:16 PM Page 150
. Second, the chapter traces the genesis of the international resistance against this project including some of the key events, for example, the 1994 declaration of the Zapatistas against the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the global days of action against international institutions such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO), and the subsequent emergence of European and 5217P GLOBAL JUSTICE-PT/lb.qxd 13/1/09 19:59 Page 3 NEOLIBERALISM AND ITS DISCONTENTS 1111 2 3 4 5111 6 7 8 9 10111 11 12 3111 4 5 6 7 8 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). It focuses on Gregory Nava’s gothic thriller Bordertown ( 2006 ), which tells the story of a young Indian maquiladora worker who is raped and left for dead but manages to survive and tell her story to a journalist. The film, Soltysik Monnet argues, not only draws heavily on gothic imagery and representational practices (particularly in its depiction of unsafe
In the past twenty years, hundreds of women have been murdered in the border town of Juárez, Mexico, and thousands more have gone missing. 1 Many of them worked in the mainly foreign-owned factories known as maquiladoras that once promised to make Ciudad Juárez a showcase for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and for neoliberalism on
community began its own campaign of economic diplomacy through its counterparts in Europe. It also called on large Turkey-based German, Italian, French and other firms to lobby the EU on Turkey’s behalf (Atan 2004). The campaigns succeeded and Turkey entered a customs union with the EU on 1 January 1996, fulfilling the decades-old promise of the Ankara Agreement. In that year, Turkey also became a party to the European Coal and Steel Community with a free trade agreement (FTA) on steel, effective in 1999. The EU and Turkey signed another FTA, pertaining to agricultural
The birth of cinema The year 1995 saw France celebrating the centenary of cinema as a national achievement, a celebration enhanced by the recent victory over the United States regarding the exemption of films from the GATT free-trade agreement. Numerous film exhibitions and retrospectives were organised, including a showing of the entire catalogue of 1,400 short films made by
Asia-Pacific region acquiring ever more importance, the EU has eventually reacted and in its latest trade strategy called Trade for All it has declared that strengthening its presence in Asia and the Pacific is one of the key priorities for the future (European Commission, 2015). Concretely the aims established in the document are, first, setting ambitious objectives with China; second, requesting a mandate for Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations with Australia and New Zealand; and third, starting new Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) FTA
agriculture during Buenos Aires talks ”, Agence Europe , 8 June 8. Factiva Document AGEU000020040608e0680000g. Agence Europe ( 2006 ). “ ‘(EU) EU/ANDEAN COMMUNITY: Equador's complaint to WTO in banana case will make negotiations on FTA more difficult ”, Agence Europe , 8 December. Factiva Document AGEU000020061208e2c80000g. Agence Europe ( 2007 ). “ (EU) EU/TRADE: Council green light to launch of negotiations for bilateral free trade agreements with ASEAN, South Korea and India ”, Agence Europe , 24 April. Factiva Document AGEU
. ‘“Trade for All” – All for Trade? The EU’s New Strategy’ . College of Europe Policy Brief, 3.16 , http://aei.pitt.edu/93101/1/gstohl_cepob_3-16.pdf. Hague , William . 2013 . ‘EU-US Free Trade Agreement’ , 18 March, https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/eu-us-free-trade-agreement. Hutton , Robert . 2018 . ‘Stuck in the Middle: These are Theresa May’s Four Brexit Options’ . Bloomberg , 3 May, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-03/stuck- in-the-middle-these-are-theresa-may-s-four-brexit-options. Jarman , Holly . 2017 . ‘Trade Policy’ . In