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. In these spaces, the intersectional threats – that is, compounding and distinctive forms of marginalisation and risk 2 – faced by non-white (especially local) staff, those of diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) or those with disabilities are often not factored in. Conversely, threats to (white) women staff are cast as a kind of ‘stranger danger’ – emanating from non-white locals and militant actors rather than
Introduction Like all concepts in political theory, gender has a history. Unlike most of these concepts, though, the history of gender is comparatively short. The term itself originated in the nineteenth century, arising in the context of descriptive and diagnostic social sciences of human behaviour. It was only adopted into political theory, as a result of a political process of struggle, about 100
Artists from the West should constantly thank God that they were spared the experience that artists from former socialist countries had. — Natalia LL, 2015 The issue of gender, not to mention feminism, in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe remains complicated and fraught. Prior to 1989, the ‘woman question’ was largely considered to have been resolved throughout the region on an official level, with gender equality a stated priority of socialist governments. 1 Across the East, women benefited from equal access to jobs, childcare and often equal pay
4 •• Gender In Chapter 1 we saw that the Exhibition was often presented as a triumph for what Auerbach (1999) has termed ‘sophisticated organisation’ and a group of ‘capable men’. This was part of a careful strategy designed to reassure the press and public. The physical arrangement of objects within the Crystal Palace, however, could not match the theoretical system. The mismatch between design and realisation suggests to Isobel Armstrong that ‘an anxiety of taxonomy is evident throughout Exhibition rhetorics, acknowledging that it could not be a monologic
Introduction The international community contributed nearly US$31 billion to humanitarian assistance in 2020, a figure that has steadily risen over the last half decade ( DI, 2021 ). Within bilateral and multilateral funding circles, there has been a strong and growing emphasis on the importance of understanding and responding to gender inequalities in emergency settings. For instance, recognising that conflicts and disasters affect people across various genders, ages and backgrounds differently, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of
for family issues (caring for other relatives in Bolivia or abroad), and two to get to know other places. Three women mentioned that they did not want to migrate but had no other option since they had to accompany their partners . For them, gender mandates determined their moral obligation to abide by their husbands’ decisions. This was the case with Rosi and MB, for
5 Identity, gender and citizenship: women in Latin and Central America and in Cuba geraldine lievesley Introduction In the western, industrialised world, social and cultural developments in the 1960s and early 1970s, specifically the re-invigoration of feminism, the advocacy of black rights and the public emergence of the gay and lesbian movement, facilitated an interrogation of gender, ethnicity and sexuality and their consequences for citizenship rights. In the same decades, Latin and Central American societies were witnessing political authoritarianism
A number of historians of the middling sort and the elite have argued that women and populations in urban spaces were at the centre of fashion and consumption. This chapter explores the extent to which the same was true of the poor. Overall, the pauper inventories indicate that gender was not a significant factor in determining the poor’s levels of material wealth. While on the
ethnic dimension of these transborder female experiences that have not been addressed. Those aspects have received more attention in the anthropological literature on gender relations in Aymara families (see Chapter 2 ). These ethnographic studies address the patterns of inequality in Aymara women’s trajectories, articulated with kinship relations and the
aim to show how the borderization processes operated by the state affect the women in a particular way due to the intersectionality of their migratory, gender, and ethnic status. In the last three decades, the analytical shift towards transborder and transnational mobilities in migration studies has been enhanced by the development of literature focused on female