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-capitalism’s antipathy to professional hierarchies; it also seeks to change the attitudes and mindsets of humanitarian aid workers as well. In justifying what, only a few decades ago, would have been called ‘brain washing’, behavioural economics has required a significant shift in how the actor-potential of the human subject is viewed. Throughout much of the twentieth century, this understanding was shaped by the behavioural avatar of Homo economicus . While Homo economicus could deceive and make one-sided decisions, it did make use of deliberative
Découverte ). Petryna , A. ( 2009 ), When Experiments Travel: Clinical Trials and the Global Search for Human Subjects ( Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press ). Redfield , P. ( 2005 ), ‘ Doctors, Borders, and Life in Crisis ’, Cultural Anthropology
In 1796 a German politico-philosophical manifesto proclaims the 'highest act of reason' as an 'aesthetic act'. The ways in which this transformation relates to the development of some of the major directions in modern philosophy is the focus of this book. The book focuses on the main accounts of the human subject and on the conceptions of art and language which emerge within the Kantian and post-Kantian history of aesthetics. Immanuel Kant's main work on aesthetics, the 'third Critique', the Critique of Judgement, forms part of his response to unresolved questions which emerge from his Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason. The early Romantics, who, after all, themselves established the term, can be characterized in a way which distinguishes them from later German Romanticism. The 'Oldest System Programme of German Idealism', is a manifesto for a new philosophy and exemplifies the spirit of early Idealism, not least with regard to mythology. The crucial question posed by the Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling of the System of Transcendental Idealism (STI) is how art relates to philosophy, a question which has recently reappeared in post-structuralism and in aspects of pragmatism. Despite his undoubted insights, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's insufficiency in relation to music is part of his more general problem with adequately theorising self-consciousness, and thus with his aesthetic theory. Friedrich Schleiermacher argues in the hermeneutics that interpretation of the meaning of Kunst is itself also an 'art'. The book concludes with a discussion on music, language, and Romantic thought.
belief: ‘none could be a true believer, but who believed in it’.11 Furthermore, the implications of this notion were pressed to their conclusions. Friends agreed that, if Christ indwelt each individual, then the authority of that inward light must supersede even the authority of the Bible. If Christ indwelt, then what were the implications for the human subject’s fallen and sinful postlapsarian condition, or for his or her relation to that divinity, or for Christ’s promised second coming? Critics have traced the ways in which seventeenth-century Friends inflected their
. As such, intramural researchers were distinctive – and their encounters with sick and healthy patient-subjects all the more important to study – because federal laws and policies were designed around the local needs and habits of the scientists that the NIH employed directly. For example, federal regulations on research with ‘human subjects’ were extended from the local policies of the NIH Clinical Center to all institutions in the US and abroad that received federal grants. 5 Moreover, the NIH's intramural
-existing in the same human subject, as in more orthodox reformed interpretations, but for Quakers in a different configuration. Sinfulness was by no means neglected by the early Quakers; on the contrary, ‘convincement’ was in part a case of being ‘convinced’ or convicted, found guilty, of one’s own sorry sinful state: as Fox put it, ‘In that which convinced you wait, that you may have that removed you are convinced of ’.9 Countless Quaker accounts testify to the painful intensity and longevity of this period of personal conviction.10 Conjoined with this, however, was
of the human subject and on the conceptions of art and language which emerge within the Kantian and post-Kantian history of aesthetics. My aim is both to rectify a series of misapprehensions about the history of modern thought which have become the prevailing orthodoxy in some areas of the humanities, and to develop plausible versions of some of the disregarded and misunderstood arguments in that history. In 1796 a German politico-philosophical manifesto, whose author seems to have been either Hegel or Schelling (but may have been Hölderlin), proclaims the ‘highest
and convey the work’s propagandistic intentions. By substituting an iconic portrait of a particular person or scene for a general account of the historical process, history painters transformed their human subjects into metonyms, reiterating in visual terms the connection between great men and great events. The advice-to-a-painter poem took an imagined painting as its subject
did the dream of a war ‘fought by airplanes with no men in them at all’ 15 come to near fruition than a new dream – of wholly autonomous swarms of weaponised drones – began to take shape. As Jeremy Packer and Joshua Reeves observe in regards to what they cheekily refer to as an inevitable ‘humanectomy’ (literally the expulsion of human subjects) in military intelligence and operations, the swarm has emerged as a powerful figure as automation becomes an overriding operational principle. For while conventional military networks ‘had to safeguard their principal
’s subject may seek consciousness of the ‘self’: the voyage out is the voyage in.1 Travelling away, moving to the external, into exile, is thus paradoxically conceived of as a means of ‘coming home’. MUP_Herd_Printer.indd 233 21/11/2014 12:39 234 Section IV: History The rhetorical inversion in the Olson line, as well as the narrative structure of the poems as a whole, conveys the elusive nature of both the grammatical and human subject. The reading needs to be silent, since this holds different performances in balance better than reading aloud, which has to select