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5 ‘Ideology’: a note on conceptual salvage PRELIMINARY NOTE A number of my comments in the earlier chapters have indicated how issues thrown up by the term ‘ideology’ remain fundamental, complex and subject to varieties of confusion and contradiction. This is so even though use of the term in media research is now far less marked than two decades ago, when it seemed to fit productively within Marxian perspectives on power, values and consciousness, perspectives that have since been subject to extensive dispute, revision and diverse kinds of theoretical
society, feeding the rapid growth of the social sciences. The study of International Relations broke away from its narrow confines of diplomatic law and military science. The Enlightenment had been populated with an astonishing number of men of genius. Ironically, as their emphasis on individual rights and liberties met with greater acceptance, individual theorists were increasingly overtaken by systems of thought – by schools, traditions, approaches and ideologies. Such new systems flourished in the post-Napoleonic age, which became an era of ‘isms’. The word
2 Party ideology Parties of the extreme right are to some extent ‘masters of their own success’. That is, regardless of the political environment in which they operate and regardless of the institutional contexts within which they find themselves, their electoral success will depend, in part, on the ideology they espouse and the policies they put forward, and on the way in which they are organized and led. This chapter focuses on the first of these party-centric factors, and examines the extent to which the ideologies of the extreme right parties influence their
. Yet, as we argue in this chapter, this fact also created ambiguities and internal tensions within its ideology. If foreigners and supranational actors became the new “them”, eventually replacing Southerners as the main enemy, who were the “us” now? More specifically, could this category now potentially include all Italians? These questions are far from trivial as, after the removal of Bossi as leader, Matteo Salvini decided precisely to shed the regionalist identity of the party and reshape it as a nation-wide (and nationalist) organisation (see postscript
5 Shils, Mannheim, and ideology1 Christopher Adair-Toteff Two names which are frequently associated with the concept of ideology are Edward Shils and Karl Mannheim.2 This is not only because Shils was co-translator (along with Louis Wirth) of Mannheim’s Ideologie und Utopie ([1929] 1936), but because Shils, like Mannheim, devoted much of his life to investigating this concept.3 Although Ideologie und Utopie is Mannheim’s most famous work on ideology, he also wrote a short, but important, article on this topic. Unlike Mannheim, Shils never wrote a major book on
2 Ideology as double bind Generations and compressions In the 1980s and 1990s, biography and life history came to the fore in anthropology (e.g. Crapanzano 1980; Herzfeld 1997; Holland and Lave 2000). These engagements foregrounded agency after its apparent backgrounding to social structure and totality in structuralist, structural–functionalist, systems, and Marxist approaches. Nancy Abelmann (1997a, 1997b, 2003) has been at the forefront of this anthropological turn within Korean studies articulating a social mobility and narrative-driven life history
02c Globalisation 040-068 2/2/11 15:09 Page 40 2 Political economy and ideology This chapter moves the book’s focus to theoretical approaches specifically oriented around the analysis of ideational phenomena. It argues, however, that none is fully able to consider the meaning and implications of the emergence of new ideas such as globalisation. The analytical concept of ideology, especially as understood by political theorists such as Michael Freeden, may be able to help political economy in this regard. Simply, most forms of ideational analysis influential
Israel’s military defeat of the Arabs in June 1967 opened a new chapter in the history of modern Arab thought. It set off a round of moral stocktaking in the Arab world, and sent Arab intellectuals searching for the underlying causes of what became known as the Naksa (setback). The crushing defeat to Israel became a wake-up call for political vision and concrete action. Nasserism and Arab nationalism, the ideological and political doctrines that had guided the Arabs on the eve of the 1967 war, were deemed the main culprits. As these doctrines largely exited
The ‘globalisation’ concept has become ubiquitous in British politics, as it has in many countries of the world. This book examines discourse on foreign economic policy to determine the impact of globalisation across the ideological landscape of British politics. It critically interrogates the assumption that the idea of globalisation is derivative solely of neo-liberal ideology by profiling the discourse on globalisation of five political groups involved in making and contesting British foreign economic policy between 1997 and 2009: New Labour, International Financial Services London, the Liberal Democrats, Oxfam and the Socialist Workers Party. In addition to the relationship between neo-liberalism and globalisation, the book also explores the core meaning of the idea of globalisation, the implications for the principle of free trade, the impact on notions of the state, nation-state and global governance, and whether globalisation means different things across the ideological spectrum. Topically, it examines how the responses to the global financial crisis have been shaped by globalisation discourse and the value of ideology as an analytical concept able to mitigate debates on the primacy of material and ideational explanations in political economy.
sense of the complexity of our construction as social subjects. There are still further difficulties when it is appreciated that even such a capacious formulation as ‘genderraceclass’ is insufficient to express the full range of ideological realms in which we are implicated. At the very least, the critic should also consider sexuality and thus speak, more inelegantly still, of gendersexualityraceclass. This chapter aims to introduce and evaluate a number of approaches to gendersexualityraceclass in film studies. Before turning to these, however, it is