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3 The citizens’ legislative initiative: a comparative analysis of the experiences in EU countries The article was buried on page 9 in Le Monde on a Saturday in 2011, when the media was dominated by a US-led attack on Libya and the continuing crisis following a massive earthquake in Japan, which had led to nuclear contamination. Still, it was there. The French newspaper reported how the German Social Democrats (SPD) and their colleagues in the Austrian Labour Party (SPÖ) were preparing to introduce a bill through the ‘Initiative Procedure’ introduced in the
Some analysts suggest that the present crisis of liberal democracy is a sign that our democratic system has become obsolete and no longer represents the will of the people. Their conclusion is that we urgently need more democracy and, in particular, more direct democracy. According to the proponents of this view, plebiscites, referendums, and popular initiatives would provide, if not a complete and sufficient solution, at least an indispensable means for the popular will to express itself more directly. These analysts do not normally pay attention to the
4 Domestic planners, initiative and propaganda Introduction This chapter will show how practical propaganda functions were maintained despite the failings of formal structures described above. British and US propaganda function continued of course, and inconsistent responses brought adaptation despite organisational problems. This chapter extends the analysis, begun in the last, of the domestic propaganda strategy of each country and develops a thematic argument, highlighting trends that were crucial to propaganda policy-making within the countries. It shows
Initiatives for preservation and tourism 221 8 Initiatives for preservation and tourism True grandeur is free, sweet, familiar, popular; it allows one to touch and to handle; it loses nothing by being seen close up.1 On 25 May 1946 the Association d’entraide de la noblesse française (ANF) approved by vote at its annual general meeting an application for membership from the comte Joseph de Montgrand. Prior to the meeting, the Montgrand dossier had been scrutinised by the association’s commission des preuves that comprised experts on nobiliary law, genealogy
. Stemming from the need to establish a presence in international markets to boost domestic economic growth, China's initiatives concerning the Middle East have boomed in recent years. China has also sought to avoid entanglement, unlike the US and Europe, which, along with Russia, are seen to be geopolitically driven powers which are active in the region's security affairs through military influence and intervention. 12 The position of Chinese envoy to the Middle East was established in 2002, and the China–Arab States
made it possible to use the words nation and race interchangeably. Recurrent use of the four-letter word suggests it was neither accidental nor innocuous shorthand for linking aeronautical achievement to some notion of genetic superiority. Other Aeronautical Society initiatives intended to spark interest in aviation included two ‘juvenile’ lectures arranged in January 1918. Between 500 and 600 children
World War the initiative shifted to Commonwealth governments, particularly in the Antipodes, which dictated the recruitment agendas and supplied most of the funding. The resurrection of free passages to ex-service personnel brought a trickle of Scots to Australia and New Zealand for a decade, 4 but better known and more popular was the reinstatement of civilian schemes, which
3 European Union security policy and initiatives in the Asia-Pacific Fulvio Attinà The national security policies of the states and the collective and multilateral management of international security problems in regions like the European and the Asian region have gone through a remarkable process of transformation passing from the past to the contemporary world system. The traditional instruments for providing security to the state like hi-tech armaments and well-trained armies, and also the ways of building security in geographically limited international
European horror films have often been characterised by a tendency towards co-production arrangements. Recent developments within regional European funding bodies and initiatives have led to a proliferation of films that combine traditional co-production agreements with the use of both regional and intra-regional funding sources. This article examines the extent to which the financial structuring of Creep(Christopher Smith, 2004), Salvage (Lawrence Gough), and Trollhunter (André Øvredal, 2010) informed the trajectory of their production dynamics, impacting upon their final form. Sometimes, such European horror films are part of complex co-production deals with multiple partners or are derived from one-off funding project. But they can also utilise funding schemes that are distinctly local.
charities still able to operate normally; and disruption to local economies, resulting in scapegoating of local staff. The solution, he wrote, was effective regulation and monitoring. Feasibility study In January 2005, FDFA commissioned me to write an external feasibility study for a new initiative, which was circulated. The study, ‘Towards cooperation in