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Migrant geographies and European politics of irregular migration Globalisation is frequently thought to cause an unbounded movement of capital, people, information, culture and goods. However, there is an often neglected flip side to this globalised mobility: the increased international collaboration on border controls aimed at restricting the movements of people who have been forced to migrate because of war, destitution, persecution or environmental reasons. This securitisation of borders constructs categories of included and excluded populations; and the
Migration, understood as the movement of people and cultures, gives impetus to globalisation and the transculturation processes that the interaction between people and cultures entails. This book addresses migration as a profoundly transforming force that has remodelled artistic and art institutional practices across the world. It explores contemporary art's critical engagement with migration and globalisation as a key source for improving our understanding of how these processes transform identities, cultures, institutions and geopolitics. The book also explores three interwoven issues of enduring interest: identity and belonging, institutional visibility and recognition of migrant artists, and the interrelations between aesthetics and politics, and its representations of forced migration. Transculturality indicates a certain quality (of an idea, an object, a self-perception or way of living) which joins a variety of elements indistinguishable as separate sources. The topic of migration is permeated not only with political but also with ethical urgencies. The most telling sign of how profoundly the mobility turn has affected the visual arts is perhaps the spread of the term global art in the discourses on art, where it is often used as a synonym for internationally circulating contemporary art. The book examines interventions by three artists who take a critical de- and postcolonial approach to the institutional structures and spaces of Western museums. The book also looks at the politics of representation, and particularly the question of how aesthetics, politics and ethics can be triangulated and balanced when artists seek to make visible the conditions of irregular migration.
). Cusumano , E. and Villa , M. ( 2019 ), ‘ Sea Rescue NGOs: A Pull Factor of Irregular Migration? ’, Policy Briefs , 2019/22, Migration Policy Centre : Florence . Retrieved from Cadmus, European University Institute Research Repository , http://hdl.handle.net/1814/65024 (accessed 7
). Bell , M. ( 2010 ), ‘ Irregular Migrants: Beyond the Limits of Solidarity? ’, in Ross , M. and Borgmann-Prebil , Y. (eds), Promoting Solidarity in the European Union ( Oxford : Oxford University Press ), pp. 151 – 65 . Bierdel , E. ( 2006 ), Ende einer Rettungsfahrt: Das Flüchtlingsdrama der Cap Anamur ( Weilerswist : Verlag Ralf Liebe ). Celikates , R. ( 2019 ) ‘ Constituent Power beyond Exceptionalism: Irregular Migration, Disobedience, and (Re-)Constitution ’, Journal of International Political Theory , 15 : 1 , 67 – 81
continues to play an important role. Finally, the period of de-Arabisation , from the 1980s to today, is characterised by an influx of Asian and sub-Saharan migrants and the rise of irregular migration, as well as increasing cooperation between Arab and European states. Middle East migration and the colonial period The history of the Middle East has always been associated with mobility. For historian Ibn Khaldun, the very creation of the Arab world was due to the movement of the Banu Hilal tribes from the Arabian Peninsula into
resistance to the Government of Sri Lanka’ (The Canadian Record, 2010 ). All of the passengers were detained, and concerted efforts were made to exclude them from claiming refugee status, including by intervening in RSD hearings (Hudson, 2018 ). Links between security and irregular migration have been a constant theme in Canada (Robinson, 1983 ), but the period between 2010 and 2013 was especially toxic (Krishnamurti, 2013 ; Kaushal and Dauvergne, 2011 ). Irregular migrants were cast as 1) dangerous, deceitful, threatening, and underserving
insertion of a migration clause, Article 13, was amongst the most contentious issues during the Cotonou negotiations, highlighting the weight and importance of the issue for both the EU and the ACP. It defines the parameters of the EU–ACP dialogue on migration, and is essentially the result of a difficult compromise between the parties’ different views and interests. While on the EU side, member 260 Policies and partnerships states, under domestic pressure to reduce irregular migration stemming from Africa, strongly endorsed the integration of a readmission clause
EU. In contrast, the more internationalist PSOE found it easier to adopt the more liberal discourse of the European Commission, while maintaining Spain’s protagonism through the EU in associated measures on irregular migration. In the UK, the party political dimension had a more path-dependent dimension, with the memories of previous electoral fortunes linked with different approaches to the issue of migration. The connection between types of expertise and the introduction of new ideas and new policy frames is not a straightforward task. To begin with, it is
provisions tackling irregular migration. Coupled with the adoption of bilateral border cooperation treaties – especially between southern EU member states and southern EU neighbours – these measures have contributed considerably to keeping irregular migration to the EU under control ( UNODC, 2011 ). From 2011 onwards, the disruptive reconfiguration of the EU’s southern neighbourhood brought about by the so
-Alarcon 2000: 334). The issues of security and terrorism haunt the political debate in Spain. Political violence, chiefly in the form of the Basque terrorist group ETA, has long been a feature of the Spanish political landscape. Aznar used the events of 9/11 as part of his argument to reinforce the government crackdown on terrorism, and presented Spain’s alliance with the USA over the war on terror as part of its strategy to weaken ETA (Heywood 2003: 36). The connection has also regularly been made between irregular migration and (in)security. It should be noted that the