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control marine pollution that has been adopted, and discuss how it is implemented and enforced. We discuss these matters in relation to each source of marine pollution. Rather than taking the sources in the order in which they are listed in UNCLOS (see pp. 622–3 above), we begin by examining mobile sources at sea, namely pollution from shipping and pollution by dumping; then move on to consider pollution
The law of the sea is an up-to-date and comprehensive treatment of this branch of public international law. It begins by tracing the historical origins of the law of the sea and explaining its sources, notably the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. This is followed by chapters examining the various maritime zones into which the sea is legally divided, namely internal waters, the territorial sea, archipelagic waters, the contiguous zone, the continental shelf, the exclusive economic zone, the high seas and the International Seabed Area. In each case the legal nature of the zone and its physical dimensions are analysed. Separate chapters deal with the baselines from which the breadths of most maritime zones are delineated and the law governing the delimitation of boundaries between overlapping maritime zones. Later chapters discuss how international law regulates the safety of navigation, fisheries and scientific research, and provides for protection of the marine environment from pollution and biodiversity loss. The penultimate chapter addresses the question of landlocked States and the sea. The final chapter outlines the various ways in which maritime disputes may be settled. Throughout the book detailed reference is made not only to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, but also to other relevant instruments, the burgeoning case law of international courts and tribunals, and the academic literature.
point of view of law and policy, protection of the marine environment has two principal elements: the prevention of marine pollution and the conservation of marine biodiversity. The two are not, however, entirely distinct since pollution usually harms biodiversity. Chapter sixteen discusses the numerous ways in which international law seeks to prevent and control marine pollution; while chapter
pollution by dumping from ships and aircraft and the 1974 Paris Convention for the prevention of marine pollution from landbased sources, and covers the North East Atlantic including Skagerrak and Kattegat (www.ospar.org/). 2579Ch2 12/8/03 11:47 AM ‘Nested enterprises’? Page 49 49 These two international conventions oblige each of the signatory states to implement the provisions for prevention of marine pollution from land-based sources and sea vessels within their territorial sea all the way to the base line. The Baltic convention also applies to a country
, educational, technical and other assistance to developing States for the protection and preservation of the marine environment and the prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution’. Such assistance may include the training of scientific and technical personnel, the supply of necessary equipment and facilities, the enhancement of developing States’ capacity to manufacture such
decisions, the consequences for the company also depend on external political 2543Chap7 16/7/03 208 9:59 am Page 208 Climate change and the oil industry factors. Shell’s experience with the Brent Spar incident illustrates this point: on this occasion, Shell’s decision to dump the redundant platform was based on considerations of marine pollution and economy, and the company did not anticipate the public outcry the decision caused, which ultimately forced Shell to reconsider and withdraw its decision to dump the platform in the ocean. Another close relationship
this banding, creating vast sculptural forms designed to draw attention to marine pollution. A seven-foot-wide black, rubber-band ball entitled Global – part of her prize-winning Black Stuff installation – was an implicit critique of modern aquaculture. Left in the intertidal zone during the Whitstable Biennale in 2018, it drew interested crowds who waded out to touch and prod it. Making the point that marine pollution is a global issue and knows no boundaries, Bailey's artwork challenged the assumption that modern oyster cultivation is necessarily sustainable
influential because of the thoroughness and depth of their research and analysis of State practice. The International Law Association (ILA) has, since its inception in 1873, produced many reports and resolutions, and has held lengthy and detailed discussions, on various topics such as territorial waters, marine pollution, the seabed and its resources, port State jurisdiction, baselines, submarine cables and
Energy in 1992) and local government matters Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries (now integrated into DEFRA) The prevention of pollution from farming activities Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Energy policy, except for energy efficiency, after the Department of Energy was abolished in 1992 Department of Transport (DOT) The control of marine pollution. The impact of vehicle emissions on air and human health The Treasury The introduction of economic instruments for environmental purposes Foreign and Commonwealth Office International environmental
(Harders, 1987), which included clauses on exchange of information on marine pollution prevention and cooperative study of Arctic ecological systems. However, despite an emphasis on scientific work as an area of potential cooperation in the Cold War Arctic, and strong national communities of knowledge relating to Arctic science, the direct military and industrial applications of some fields (oceanography, upper-atmosphere physics and Arctic engineering) limited in- depth sharing of data and scientific expertise (Stokke, 1990: 28; Young, 1985: 177–178). Scientific