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The substantive and methodological contributions of professional historians to development policy debates was marginal, whether because of the dominance of economists or the inability of historians to contribute. There are broadly three ways in which history matters for development policy. These include insistence on the methodological principles of respect for context, process and difference; history is a resource of critical and reflective self-awareness about the nature of the discipline of development itself; and history brings a particular kind of perspective to development problems . After establishing the key issues, this book explores the broad theme of the institutional origins of economic development, focusing on the cases of nineteenth-century India and Africa. It demonstrates that scholarship on the origins of industrialisation in England in the late eighteenth century suggests a gestation reaching back to a period during which a series of social institutional innovations were pioneered and extended to most citizens of England. The book examines a paradox in China where an emphasis on human welfare characterized the rule of the eighteenth-century Qing dynasty, and has been demonstrated in modern-day China's emphasis on health and education. It provides a discussion on the history of the relationship between ideology and policy in public health, sanitation in India's modern history and the poor health of Native Americans. The book unpacks the origins of public education, with a focus on the emergency of mass literacy in Victorian England and excavates the processes by which colonial education was indigenized throughout South-East Asia.
written at the time, Liang Qichao provided his calligraphy for its title, which was a traditional way of showing his endorsement. Zhang and Liang thus shared the same concern that China then needed political reform to ensure its existence and survival in the modern world. With respect to the reform of historiography, it seems that at that time Zhang also agreed with Liang that it was crucial for the modern-day Chinese to develop a general understanding of the course of development of China’s past. In his correspondence with Liang, Zhang expressed his desire to write a
– instrumental benefit. Bin Wong, in Chapter 4, examines a paradox in China where an emphasis on human welfare characterized the rule of the eighteenth-century Qing dynasty, and has been demonstrated in modern-day China’s emphasis on health and education (notwithstanding the devastating impact of the 1950’s famine), despite the absence of systems of democratic accountability. While development of the welfare state in Europe subsequently emerged from electoral accountability and the development of the public sphere, accountability in eighteenth century and again in contemporary
would-be English explorers. 38 Half-brother to the more famous Walter Ralegh, Gilbert, along with many other Englishmen, was convinced of the existence of a Northwest Passage to the wealthy lands of Cathay, now modern-day China. 39 But what does this question of geography have to do with the legend of Atlantis? Atlantis, as has already been suggested, was famously an island. As Gilbert explained in his short pamphlet on the subject from 1576, because ‘Atlantis, now called America was ever knowen to be an island, and in those days navigable round about’, ‘a far