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outweighing those succumbing to corporal punishment, filthy prison conditions inevitably overflowed into packed courtrooms. In this case several hundred people died from ‘Jenks’ curse’ with the culprit now assumed to be the body louse, a key vector for the transmission of typhus ( Martin, 2015 : 144–5). This curious anecdote, well-known among medical historians and certainly obscured by legend, provides an apt illustration of the intersection between infectious disease and the surrounding political
-Christian and Western perspective the latter is the truth and the former a lie. 12 But in the Rwandan context, the moral value of a word depends on its usefulness in a complex socio-political environment. In addition, communication (speaking) and non-communication (silence) operated in a similar dialectical scheme. A first element in this code is the dialectic of speech and silence. Kumenya Kinyarwanda or ‘speaking (knowing) Kinyarwanda’ means at least two things: on the one hand it refers to the ability to speak the language (the common understanding of mastering a
political and historical context of the region as well as the recent epidemic response. We then examine three local debates surrounding the DRC-EB-001 trial: the fact it was a second vaccine; its selected locations; and the experimental nature of the vaccine itself. In the third section, the article examines how local debates surrounding the DRC-EB-001 trial were situated in concerns about inequality and exclusion in a tense political environment, as
quarters – governments and armed opposition groups, donors and humanitarian agencies and in some cases local government or representatives of affected communities. In many cases, the word ‘famine’ is forbidden. Attempts to influence resource allocation also means influencing both analysis and data-collection processes. In all these cases, humanitarian information systems are operating in a highly political environment. To think that the analysis of such crises can take place in
This volume of essays in honour of Dame Jinty Nelson celebrates the way in which Jinty has used her profound understanding of Frankish history as a frame for reflecting upon the nature of early medieval culture and society in general. It includes a tabula gratulatoria of those very many others who wish to express their appreciation of Jinty's work and their warm personal gratitude to her. She has remained at King's throughout her entire career. Her early career was combined with young motherhood, a tough experience that has made her strongly supportive of colleagues trying to balance work and family. Although she continued to write about early medieval inauguration rituals, a new departure came with the 1977 paper 'On the limits of the Carolingian Renaissance'. The book discusses what factors determined and informed their particular take on the Frankish world, and how this compares to law-codes and charters. It considers the possibility that land was sometimes taken in early medieval Europe, whether by kings or local lords, for what they claimed was the common good. Whenever only meagre information was available, it was impossible to make sense of the past, that is, to take a prosaic approach to a sense of oblivion. The book explores both the roots of the historical interpretation and the stimuli for change, by considering the long historiographical tradition, attitudes to textual sources, and the changing political environment. The subjects of queens and queenship have figured prominently among Nelson's publications.
avenues of escape from his blackness. As we will see in Chapter 2, the gaze of the white (child) exposes Fanon and proves to be devastating: it shatters the schema of his corporeality. Between the First and Second World Wars, West Indian and African students studying in Paris were immersed in a highly stimulating intellectual and political environment. These students came into contact with the writers of the New Negro movement. At the time, the phenomenon of expatriation was a source of creativity for hitherto fettered black American artists. France was a very
’ (McIlroy, 1995: 2). It follows that as society evolves, the landscape trade unions inhabit changes and the pressures and influences on unions are manifested in different ways. Breakaway trade unions in an era of neoliberalism Therefore, any theory of trade-union organisation cannot be divorced from the dynamic economic, legal and political environments in which unions are embedded (Musson, 1974: 1). As Gramsci put it, ‘the trade union is not a predetermined phenomenon. It becomes a determinate institution; it takes on a definite historical form to the extent that the
for change, by considering the long historiographical tradition, attitudes to textual sources, and the changing political environment. The historiographical tradition Let me begin with the historiographical tradition. La Borderie was not the first to utter the nationalist sentiments of the late nineteenth century, for he wrote within an already existing interpretative framework
6 The story of small state survival: past, present, and future Over more than three-and-a-half centuries, the fate of small states has depended primarily on the states system. Since the Peace of Westphalia, the starting point for this study, the survival rate of small states has been shaped largely by the international political environment of the time. Small state survival, understood as the net outcome of state creation and state existence minus state termination, is historically determined to a large extent by the overall systemic structure. In short, small
Chapter 1 locates the rise of the hospital movement in northern Italy within the context of the changing religious, social, and political environment of the city-states. It traces the evolution of the ideas of charity and poverty from the early to high Middle Ages suggesting that a fundamental shift occurred in both the mechanisms of collecting and distributing charity, and in the perception of poverty and need. The chapter introduces the hospital's central function in this distribution and administration of charity and illustrates how the hospital and other charitable