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as they appear at first sight to be. This chapter traces the transition from welfare to social exclusion sketched above, and the various theoretical responses it has elicited. 1 Communities of choice The idea that political justice should deal in issues about the distribution of roles and resources, presupposes a political community which corresponds to an economic system for production and exchange
What can culture, and its manifestations in artistic and creative forms, ‘do’?
Creativity and resistance draws on original collaborative research that brings
together a range of stories and perspectives on the role of creativity and
resistance in a hostile environment. In times of racial nationalism across the
world, it seeks to connect, in a grounded way, how creative acts have agitated
for social change. The book suggests that creative actions themselves, and
acting together creatively, can at the same time offer vital sources of
hope.
Drawing on a series of case studies, Creativity and resistance focuses
on the past and emergent grassroots arts work that has responded to migration,
racism and social exclusion across several contexts and locations, including
England, Northern Ireland and India. The book makes a timely intervention,
foregrounding the value of creativity for those who are commonly marginalised
from centres of power, including from the mainstream cultural industries.
Bringing together academic research with individual and group experiences, the
authors also consider the possibilities and limitations of collaborative
research projects.
their communication needs during forced displacement, it was of little value in Australia, where technology literacy has been traditionally disregarded in favour of digital literacy – that is, the ability to use software tools, or, as Leung writes, ‘the ways in which digital literacy have been defined sets up the kind of social exclusion it purports to address’ (p. 90). In chapter 9, the first of the fourth part of the book (‘Practices and Principles’), Leung presents the difference between
, broken families, livelihoods lost, economies destroyed. Loss, pain, fear and hate predominate and social exclusion, poverty and miscommunication reign over generations. ( Physicians for Human Rights, 1998 ) Objective and Methodology The study aims to investigate scale and patterns of attacks on healthcare during the Syrian conflict as a form of extreme violence. It aims, also, to contextualise these attacks through investigating their time of occurrence, consequences and potential perpetrators. This is to allow us to draw conclusions on whether these attacks had
All political argument employs political concepts. They provide the building blocks needed to construct a case for or against a given political position. Justifications of oppression in the name of liberty are no mere products of the liberal imagination, for there are notorious historical examples of their endorsement by authoritarian political leaders. This book explores two approaches to rights: the interest-based (IB) approach, and the obligation-based or Kantian view. Both are shown to offer coherent justifications that can avoid turning all political concerns into a matter of rights. The concept of social justice emerged in both at the start of the twentieth century, and justified institutions for the democratic modification for market outcomes, on utilitarian, maximin or common good grounds. The book explores whether people do in fact have good and justifiable reasons for complying with laws that go beyond mere fear of punishment, and, if so, whether they are bound or obligated by those reasons to comply. It discusses national ties and how they are supposed to act as glue that holds the state together in the eyes of its citizens. The book also explores the link between the weakening of states and this change in criminal policies, and outlines their implications for individual rights. Theorists have used the idea of social exclusion to advocate an approach to social justice that sees increased labour-market participation as the key to equal to citizenship. The contemporary understandings of the public-private distinction and feminist critiques of these are also examined.
5 The negotiation of the Europe 2020 poverty target The final case study addresses the negotiations of the EU poverty target included as part of Europe 2020 – the successor to the Lisbon Strategy. The target aims to remove at least 20 million people living in poverty across the EU by 2020. Although the EU has had a long history of attempting to tackle poverty and social exclusion, practical and political differences between governments and the broader set of EU actors has resulted in very little progress in terms of substantive output (Daly, 2012). While the
4 Traveller education: policy and practice in Northern Ireland Jennifer Hamilton, Fiona Bloomer and Michael Potter This chapter addresses the ways in which social exclusion, discrimination and disadvantage are experienced by the Traveller community in Northern Ireland with respect specifically to education. Drawing on empirical research, it evaluates the adequacy and effectiveness of primary-level education from the perspective of Travellers, and assesses the broader policy context for Traveller educational provision in Northern Ireland, providing some insights
terrorist attacks. Examining a number of key indicators, namely the economy, employment, education, poverty and social exclusion, will provide a better understanding. Economy The picture generally painted of the Northern Ireland economy has been a rather bleak one. Considerable long-term structural problems have persisted, including ‘a worrying share of
the problem of social exclusion that had been put forward in critique of party ideology in the late 1960s. Social democracy and the price of growth In the early 1970s, social democracy gradually formulated a theory of social exclusion as a problem intrinsically related to industrial capitalism. Whereas the Equality Group discussed the problem of social exclusion in terms of the
subplot deals with the link between ideas on community and socialism. The third subplot concerns the narrative on social exclusion–social inclusion, which sheds light on New Labour’s approach to poverty and social inequalities. The final section assesses the impact of these ideas on New Labour’s ideology and argues that New Labour did not endorse communitarianism, but simply used