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worldwide. Direct impact arises from increased stress and anxiety about infection and risk, trauma resulting from contraction of the illness, or the inability to provide comfort in death to loved ones, as well as depression resulting from grief or socialisation restrictions. Indirect impact on mental health emanates from uncertainty and economic strain. Accordingly, the global mental health reach of the coronavirus pandemic will be significant for years after it is brought
’ ( United States Institute of Peace, 2018 : 4). In other words, this is ‘the socialisation and internalisation of the described roles and expectations that society finds most appropriate and valuable for a person – men, women, girls, boys, and sexual and gender minorities’ ( USIP, 2018 : 4). These are dynamic and in a refugee setting, for example, a community’s values, norms and expectations are bound to change, so will the reactions to vulnerability ( USIP
socialise with fellow residents or receive visits from their family and friends. Families were also extremely distressed that they were not able to visit their loved ones ( WHO, 2020b ). Simple solutions such as facilitating video calls between family members were often not being implemented; MSF raised awareness among staff in this regard, but their resources were very limited. MSF supported the staff in doing video calls: The
family connections, I had no idea.’ Some Congolese staff admitted that they had not disclosed their military background to their colleagues: although many foreigners have military histories, Congolese staff argued that their own military experience was viewed with suspicion. This distrust was aggravated by instances when foreign MSF staff felt that the organisation’s neutrality had been ‘compromised’ by local staff. I was told about cases of local staff socialising publicly with armed actors, or using MSF equipment for the administrative tasks of armed groups – ‘some
This book shows how environmentalists have shaped the world's largest multilateral development lender, investment financier and political risk insurer to take up sustainable development. It challenges an emerging consensus over international organisational change to argue that international organisations (IOs) are influenced by their social structure and may change their practices to reflect previously antithetical norms such as sustainable development. The text locates sources of organisational change with environmentalists, thus demonstrating the ways in which non-state actors can effect change within large intergovernmental organisations through socialisation. It combines an account of international organisational change with detailed empirical evidence of change in one issue area across three institutions.
During the final decade of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), young citizens found themselves at the heart of a rigorous programme of socialist patriotic education, yet following the fall of the Berlin Wall, the emphasis of official state rhetoric, textbooks and youth activities changed beyond recognition. For the young generation growing up during this period, ‘normality’ was turned on its head, leaving a sense of insecurity and inner turmoil. Using a combination of archival research, interviews, educational materials and government reports, this book examines the relationship between young people and their two successive states in East(ern) Germany between 1979 and 2002. This time-span straddles the 1989/1990 caesura which often delimits historical studies, and thus enables not only a detailed examination of GDR socialisation, but, crucially, its influence in unified Germany. Exploring the extent to which a young generation's loyalties can be officially regulated in the face of cultural and historical traditions, changing material conditions and shifting social circumstances, the book finds GDR socialisation to be influential to post-unification loyalties through its impact on the personal sphere, rather than through the official sphere of ideological propaganda. This study not only provides insight into the functioning of the GDR state and its longer-term impact, but also advances our broader understanding of the ways in which collective loyalties are formed.
This book attempts to convey the different sociological contexts for how contemporary anarchist theory and practice is to be understood. It concentrates on the issue of broadening the parameters of how anarchist theory and practice is conceptualized. The book compares the major philosophical differences and strategies between the classical period (what Dave Morland calls 'social anarchism') and the contemporary anti-capitalist movements which he regards as being poststructuralist in nature. It also documents the emergence of the now highly influential anti-technological and anti-civilisational strand in anarchist thought. This offers something of a challenge to anarchism as a political philosophy of the Enlightenment, as well as to other contemporary versions of ecological anarchism and, to some extent, anarcho-communism. The book further provides a snapshot of a number of debates and critical positions which inform contemporary anarchist practice. The specific areas covered offer unique perspectives on sexuality, education, addiction and mental health aspects of socialisation and how this can be challenged at a number of different levels. The fact that anarchism has largely premised its critique on a psychological dimension to power relations, not just a material one, has been an advantage in this respect. Ecological anarchism, which has been the driving force behind much contemporary anarchist theory and practice, has been committed to thinking about the relationships between people and 'nature' in new ways.
3402 World Bank Group:2634Prelims 12/11/09 14:56 Page 19 2 Changing IOs: identity and socialisation As the largest and most well-known organisation within the WBG, the World Bank has received significant attention from policy-makers, activists and academia. Over time the Bank has expanded its operations to encompass a myriad of different ideas and agendas, a process often described as ‘mission creep’ (Einhorn 2001; Gutner 2005a). This chapter questions the origin of the norms that IOs such as the World Bank and its affiliates internalise. Where these ideas
Kollman 03_Tonra 01 03/12/2012 12:17 Page 44 3 International policy diffusion: socialisation and the domestic reception of international norms Despite potential synergies, to date lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) politics and international relations (IR) scholars have done their best to ignore one another. The stark temporal and regional clustering of LGBT rights expansion and SSU implementation in western societies since 1989 strongly hints at common international sources of influence. The existence of convergent national policy change alone
emerged in the form of TEANs to counter the activities of the World Bank, IFC and MIGA in lending, investing and underwriting environmentally damaging development in developing countries. TEANs emerged to challenge the activities of these organisations on the basis of the World Bank, IFC and MIGA practices. They highlighted their destructive nature and used micro-processes of persuasion, social influence and coercion through member states to make these IOs aware of their behaviour and to change it. In doing so, TEANs aimed to socialise IOs, shaping their identities to