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The role of national machineries, as a way to promote the status of women, acquired international relevance during the World Conference on the International Women's Year, in Mexico City in 1975. This book reflects Division for the Advancement of Women's (DAW) long-standing interest in the area of national machineries, bringing together the experiences, research and insights of experts. The first part of the book sets out the major issues facing national machineries at the conceptual level. It reflects upon five aspects of democratization: devolution or decentralization; the role of political parties; monitoring and auditing systems; and the importance of increasing the presence of women within institutions of the state and government. The second part is a comparative analysis and sets out the major issues facing national machineries at the political level. A combination of factors, including civil society, state bodies and political actors, need to come together for national machineries to function effectively in the interest of gender equality. Next comes the 'lessons learned' by national machineries in mainstreaming gender. National machineries should have an achievable agenda, an important part of which must be 'a re-definition of gender issues. The third part contains case studies that build upon the specific experiences of national machineries in different countries. The successful experience of Nordic countries in gender mainstreaming is also discussed.
an extensive analysis of the social status of the women in this population. The complexity of this question is amplified in the case of medieval Jewish Ashkenazi society in view of the numerous references of men to issues associated with women, and because of the challenge of elucidating the status of women in the light of the complete absence of any records left behind by Jewish women themselves in that era. 1 The Jewish
Issues concerning women Issues concerning women 97 7 ➤ The development of the women’s movement ➤ Descriptions of the legislation passed to improve the status of women ➤ Review and analysis of remaining issues concerning the status of women BACKGROUND Women’s emancipation Although the cause of improvement in the status of women can be traced back into the nineteenth century, the effective story must begin with the time when women achieved the right to vote after a sustained campaign of civil disobedience and parliamentary campaigning. Women over 30 years old
hers in perpetuity); and an additional sum, which a man undertook to pay in addition to the main portion of the ketubah (the ketubah supplement). With the introduction of this new institution, the economic status of women within their homes underwent a complete and total change; they were now guaranteed property and money upon becoming divorced or widowed, and were no longer compelled to return
-war planning and were optimistic that once the war was over the status of women in post-war society would be enhanced. In October 1941, the NCW passed a resolution calling on the government to guarantee that ‘when the present emergency is over women citizens shall have a status identical with that of men.’4 Reiterating this hope in 1943, Mrs Home Peel, then President of the NCW, told her members that the time has surely come for the government to give some indication of the attitude they propose to adopt towards women after the fighting has ceased. It is unthinkable that the
baillie court records in 1687 and 1688. Thirty-four per cent of these cases featured a married woman as a pursuer or defender.59 Women and the law This study is by necessity concerned with women’s differing marital statuses. Such statuses affected how women participated in both work and debt litigation. The categories by which women were described in debt litigation – as wives, widows, and other women (including servants, mothers, and daughters) – also reflect the changing statuses of women over the course of the life cycle. As a woman’s marital status changed, and she
In the Middle Ages the status of women in the Jewish community underwent a real and fundamental change. 1 The sources reflected this change in the economic milieu in which women functioned, and as I have shown in every chapter of this book, this transformation spilled over into other areas of daily life, a fact which the male halakhic leadership also acknowledged and internalized. At the beginning
status of women is fundamentally linked with land tenure and with socio-economic and political factors as much as marital and family status. Noblewomen saw themselves as members of the élite, as wives, mothers, sisters, daughters, widows and as women. Such complex identities require a complex explanation. When Petronella countess of Leicester ended up in a ditch indignantly throwing her rings away, when Matilda countess of Chester visited Lincoln Castle in February 1141, or when Nichola de la Haye grimly clung on to her castle during a long siege, they were not victims
– filmmaking ‘means’ in Brazil has varied not only according to the history and contemporary status of women’s rights and gender-related expectations, but also the chosen medium of expression (35 mm film or small-format video) and targeted audience (grass-roots or city centre venue), as well as the geosocial locus of production. Whereas nearly all of the women filmmakers producing work into the mid-1980s
less echoes their progressive stance on questions such as authority, power and the status of women, and it is this combination of the progressive and the popular that will be examined in the final section of this chapter. Valuing the popularity of African Cinema? In his article ‘Exiles on Main Stream: Valuing the Popularity of Postcolonial Literature’, Chris Bongie begins with an