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This book is comprised of over 200 translated sources related to popular protest in Italy, France and Flanders from 1245 to 1424 . In particular, it focuses on the ‘contagion of rebellion' from 1355 to 1382 that followed in the wake of the plague. They comprise a diversity of sources and cover a variety of forms of popular protest in different social, political and economic settings. Their authors range across a wide political and intellectual horizon and include revolutionaries, the artistocracy, merchants and representatives from the church. They tell gripping and often gruesome stories of personal and collective violence, anguish, anger, terror, bravery, and foolishness. The book documents the best-known revolt in France before the French Revolution, the Jacquerie. The book also focuses on the best known of the urban revolts of the fourteenth century, the Revolt of the Ciompi, which set off with a constitutional conflict in June 1378. It then views the 'cluster of revolts' of northern France and Flanders, 1378 to 1382, concentrating on the most important of these, the tax revolts of the Harelle in Rouen and the Maillotins or hammer men in Paris. It looks beyond the 'cluster' to the early fifteenth century.
jacked up the hearth tax [ fouagio ] from two to five to twelve francs per annum per household in Languedoc. 3 The increase sparked tax revolts in Le Puy, Montpellier, Lodève, Alès, Béziers, and the surrounding countryside [169–74] . 4 Unlike the rustics and small townsmen of the Jacquerie, these insurgents made their demands clear and attacked directly the objects of their oppression – tax
disproportionally on local taxpayers. 52 In other parts of the empire, financial autonomy led to the creation of local federal budgetary structures, notably in Indochina and West Africa and Equatorial Africa. This increased the overall tax burden and spurred the systematisation of personal taxes, leading to violent tax revolts and contentious tax politics. The first decade of the twentieth century was indeed shaken by highly publicised tax revolts in Madagascar, Indochina, and the French Congo, prompting French
The documents in this section deal with social groups and social tensions in Italy: popolo against magnates, noble clans against each another, men against women, young men against city elders, Christians against Jews, freemen against slaves, food riots and tax revolts, acts of resistance and indecency . The chapter focuses on knighthood, towers and vendetta. Although worker unrest is evident in Italian towns from the late thirteenth century, the second half of the fourteenth century saw a rash of working-class revolts, the most famous being that of the Ciompi in Florence has become the 'archetype' of worker insurrections.
The towns of later medieval Italy were one of the high points of urban society and culture in Europe before the industrial revolution. This book provides more inclusive and balanced coverage of Italian urban life in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. In looking for the chief features of Italian communal cities, it focuses on: the unity of city and dependent countryside, the stability of population, urban functions, the development of public spaces, social composition, the development of autonomous institutions, and civic culture. The book begins with three of these: Bonvesin da la Riva's innovative description of Milan, Giovanni da Nono's more conventional, but lively description of Padua, and an anonymous, verse description of Genoa. It also focuses on the buildings and their decoration, and urban 'social services'. The book then addresses Italian civic religion. It explores production and commerce: the effects of monetary affluence, the guilds and markets, government interventions to stimulate production, to regulate exchange, and to control the city's population. The book deals with social groups and social tensions: popolo against magnates, noble clans against each another, men against women, young men against city elders, Christians against Jews, freemen against slaves, food riots and tax revolts, acts of resistance and indecency. Finally, it examines the great variety of political regimes in late-medieval Italy: from consolidated communes such as Florence or Venice, to stable or unstable 'tyrannies' in Pisa, Ferrara or Verona.
social groups and social tensions: popolo against magnates, noble clans against each another, men against women, young men against city elders, Christians against Jews, freemen against slaves, food riots and tax revolts, acts of resistance and indecency. Finally, Chapter V examines the great variety of political regimes in late-medieval Italy: from consolidated communes such as Florence or Venice, to
new Sallust’ – Pintoin probes the psychology of historical actors, including those in the otherwise faceless revolutionary crowd. His chronicle is the principal source for elaborating on the tax revolts of Paris and Rouen in 1381, the hammer men of Paris, the Harelle of Rouen in 1382, the end of the Tuchins in southern France, the town-gown conflict of 1404 which led to the king’s demolition of the
strings and the governor of Rome (Giovanni Cerroni), not the people, benefited in the end [70] . 2 Similarly, in France and Flanders, revolts or even minor skirmishes involving commoners with economic or political objectives find few traces in the chroniclers from 1348 until the revolt of the Parisians and the Jacquerie in the spring of 1358. A tax revolt in Rouen is an
Smith, Peter. ‘Lessons from the British poll tax disaster’, National Tax Journal (1991): 421–436. 114 Reynolds. Uncollectable: The Story of the Poll Tax Revolt . p21. 115 Barker, R. ‘Legitimacy in the United Kingdom: Scotland and the Poll Tax’. British Journal of Political Science 22:4 (1992
échevins or city aldermen did not die with the hammer men. In 1403 the epicentre of a new wave of tax revolts erupted in Reims and as in 1380, the king had to abolish his fiscal plans ‘because of the people’s protest [ propter murmur populi ]’. 2 One of the most remarkable uprisings in the history of Paris came in 1413 in the midst of the civil war between the Armagnacs and the Burgundians. First