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‘bacteriological city’ (Gandy, 2006 ) a century ago, and they challenge the socio-technological networks we have introduced to live in what Lefebvre ( 2003 ) calls ‘urban society’. While the hygienic city of the twentieth century in many parts of the world created infrastructures and public health institutions that contributed to the containment of outbreaks
This book provides an introduction to the English legal system and its development during the period c 1215-1485. It affords a valuable insight into the character of medieval governance as well as revealing the complex nexus of interests, attitudes and relationships prevailing in society during the later Middle Ages. The book considers the theoretical and ideological aspects of medieval law and justice, examining the concepts and discourses to be found in official and non-official circles. It concentrates on manifestations of crime and disorder and the royal response to this in the form of the development of judicial institutions. The book then looks at the dispensation of justice both inside and outside the courtroom. It examines in detail the machinery and functioning of criminal justice both in the royal courts and in those autonomous areas exercising delegated powers. The book also considers the use of extra-judicial methods, such as arbitration and 'self-help', to illustrate the interaction of formal and informal methods of dispute settlement. It focuses on the personnel of justice, the justices of the central courts and the local officials who carried out the day-to-day administrative tasks. The smooth and successful operation of the judicial system was challenged and sometimes hindered by the existence of corrupt practices and abuse of its procedures.
until her death in 1530. But Charles remained strongly attached to the idea of Burgundy, establishing the provinces of the Low Countries as a separate part of the empire known as the ‘Burgundian circle’ in 1548, and famously expressing the wish to be buried with his ancestors the dukes at Dijon. Urban society Relations between the Valois and Habsburg
MUP FINAL PROOF – <STAGE>, 07/30/2013, SPi Conclusion What then are the principal causes of corruption in modern British urban society? According to political science, the causes are to be located within the frameworks prescribed by elite theory, modernisation and transition theory and the complex processes of state building. According to sociologists, corruption is a social–political construction shaped by prevailing social structure and processes such as stratification, social mobility and the conflict between subcultural norms and wider public values. For
The towns of later medieval Italy were one of the high points of urban society and culture in Europe before the industrial revolution. They also produced huge amounts of written material, which is exceptional in quality and quantity for the Middle Ages: ‘More source materials survive than a hundred scholars could adequately master.’ 1 For almost every town in the north
11  Marisol GarcÃa Cities under economic austerity: the return of citizenship claims Citizenship is the engine for the creation of spaces for collective action when people’s life chances have been undermined and urban societies experience social and political tensions. Low wages and unemployment challenge social citizenship and so do the diminishing economic and social entitlements of workers. Historically the first two – wages and unemployment benefits – were the battlefield of industrial and social citizenship. But the other two gradually became incorporated
rural to urban society and the decline in the importance of the Catholic Church in everyday life. McGahern reveals what it was like to make love and have sex in Ireland during the shift from a Catholic culture of selfdenial to a modern, urban, cosmopolitan culture of self-fulfilment and self-indulgence. love and sex  111 It is possible to think of McGahern as one of the major chroniclers of cultural change in twentieth-century Ireland. However, while he accepted this description of himself, he emphasised that he was not trying to give an objective, detached
Urban society in the Middle Ages was in some important ways very like that of the countryside. Notwithstanding the old fable that ‘town air makes free’, the peasant who escaped dependence upon a rural landlord and found her or his way to the city was vulnerable to exploition in analogous ways to the villeins and cottagers they had left behind. Their employer, normally a
, although her impressive survey volume, History of English Medieval Towns , published in 1977, remains a sane and indispensable introduction to the subject which is in constant demand by students and teachers alike. This essay will probably be more empirical than Susan would like, but I hope that its attempt to search for the less visible members of urban society will meet with her approval. Her belief in the essential reasonableness of medieval men and women, and in their ability to act in their own best interests, has been a constant corrective and inspiration. It is