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Introduction The concept of marine biodiversity was introduced in chapter fifteen , and the harm to marine biodiversity from human activities was outlined at the beginning of that chapter. In this chapter we examine the considerable number of treaties and other instruments that the international community has adopted to address increasing concerns about such harm
Introduction A healthy marine environment is not only desirable in and of itself, but is also vital for humans if the seas are to continue to be able to provide substantial amounts of food, supply genetic resources, remove large quantities of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and regulate temperatures around the planet. 1 However, for the past century or more, human
Introduction We saw in the previous chapter that UNCLOS requires States to adopt detailed rules to ‘prevent, reduce and control’ pollution of the marine environment from the various sources that it identifies, 1 and sets out a framework for the implementation and enforcement of such rules. In this chapter we give an overview of the large body of international law to
Introduction The final substantive part of UNCLOS, Part XIV, is headed ‘Development and transfer of marine technology’. In general terms, the transfer of technology has a compass going far beyond the law of the sea. In the past many developing States felt that one of the more significant reasons for their economic underdevelopment was that they lacked much of the technology
The making of the saltwater tank The vogue for the marine aquarium was the result of a remarkable convergence of interests, which is mirrored by the tortuous history of the invention itself. This chapter retraces the different paths that led to the making of the saltwater tank, explores the key elements that made the aquarium craze possible, and looks at what tank keeping actually entailed for its early enthusiasts. The last two sections provide a brief overview of the material and textual lives of the aquarium, discussing how the hobby was practised and
fish meal for use as fertiliser or animal feed (including in aquaculture): the main reason for this is because some species are too small to be easily processed for human consumption. 2 Given rising human populations in recent decades, it has been possible for fish to continue to be an important source of food only because of the huge increase in the marine fish catch since 1945 and the enormous
Introduction The seas and oceans are the subject of a great deal of scientific research. The aims of this research are to increase knowledge and understanding of, inter alia, the physical characteristics of sea water, wave formation, tidal levels and ocean circulation, and how they vary over time and place; the geology and geomorphology of the seabed; marine fauna and flora
recent decline in US authority over global affairs has gradually led twenty-first-century American presidents to once again move from courting China to confronting and containing it. This increasingly demands the direct application of US hard power. In the 1950s and 1960s, US presidents depended largely on the army to implement their Pacific policies. From 2009 Obama made the US Navy the linchpin in his Asia Pacific strategy, a policy choice to which President Donald Trump from 2017 added more marine machismo. This chapter argues that, as more than a foreign policy
In this essay the author proposes that a detailed study of the context of the production and reception of the spate of best-selling marine natural history books published in the 1850s provides an important and neglected opportunity for understanding Victorian conceptions of evolutionary,and anthropological monstrosity. Whilst the ape has received a good deal of attention as the primary evolutionary icon, through which the Victorians dreamed their nightmares of descent, the marine invertebrate has been much neglected. However, represented by evolutionists as the first life forms on the planet from which all higher life forms had evolved, marine invertebrates were an important alternative evolutionary ancestor, and were used to express ideas about the `nature of class, race and masculinity‘.
. Secondly (and equally importantly), while HEAT trainings ostensibly set out to mitigate potential trauma, they are themselves the cause of anxiety and trauma among aid workers – trauma that is often itself gendered. One interviewee described her own training as ‘run by a bunch of ex-marines who just loved terrorising the shit out of us’; others (including one of us) experienced nightmares in the lead-up and after their trainings. A further interviewee remarked that trainers