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9 Greening organisations: purchasing, consumption and innovation Ken Green, Barbara Morton and Steve New In this chapter we examine some previously ignored connections between processes of organisational purchasing and innovation in the context of the greening of organisations. We build an argument around the idea of consumption and we do so to problematise explicitly the issue of collective agency as it relates to organisations. In developing the argument, we ask: who is the consumer and what do consumers do? Despite the thriving field of research in
1 The organisations Women’s organisations in the 1870 to 1914 period were characterised by a vigorous community of public-spirited women. This community of middle-class public women generated influential inter-organisational networks, networks which were mapped using a database of organisational membership and which cross-pollinated the policies of women’s temperance, suffrage and Liberal organisations. That is, individual women’s membership to multiple organisations, either simultaneously or at different periods during their reforming careers, made an important
aviation. Brancker did so at the court and livery dinner of the Worshipful Company of Woolmen in 1928. The following year, the President of the Royal Aeronautical Society also centred his hopes on a curt assessment of Britain’s human resources: Anglo-Saxons had a peculiar aptitude for flying, he said. 11 Beyond Whitehall, and away from the science-and-snacks circuit, two imperial organisations kept up
. The legal and institutional structure of the EU is the most complicated and advanced of all regional intergovernmental organisations. Because of its far-reaching powers, the EU is also referred to as a supranational organisation. Its main objectives are (Article B Maastricht Treaty): to establish an economic and monetary union; to develop cooperation in the field of
88 Comparison with the United Nations In addition to the UN, there are about twenty other global organisations. These may differ from the UN in the following areas: Functional specialisation: for example, there are organisations for postal traffic, nuclear energy, food and agriculture, and
This chapter explains what an inter-governmental organisation (IGO) is and why the UN is the leading example. A contrast will be made with other forms of organisation, particularly the supranational integration organisation (principally the EU). This chapter also defines the law of international organisations as the law governing, applicable to and produced by such organisations, and explains how this is best studied through a focus on the UN and related IGOs. The method used in the book is explained. This is not over-theorised given the textbook nature of the
18 1 Musicians’ organisations before 1893 We begin by contextualising the work and organisation of musicians in Britain prior to the formation of the AMU in 1893.1 To do so, we consider the challenges facing those working as musicians. These have long centred on the low pay and social status conferred upon professional musicians. Indeed, the very notion of music as work has often proved problematic, and work as a full-time (and adequately paid) musician has generally been attainable for only a small, elite group of musicians. The others have formed an often
2 Labour’s organisational culture The purpose of this chapter is to establish the institutional context for Labour’s response to cultural change.1 It surveys the character of the party’s organisation and the nature of its membership on the verge of the 1960s, and in particular highlights the activities and assumptions of those most responsible for the party’s well-being. Before that can be done, however, it is necessary to outline Labour’s organisational structure and identify some of the issues to which it gave rise. The basic unit in all 618 constituency
While the primary rules of international law are those norms applicable to IGOs in their decisions and operations, such as those rules governing the use of force or those protecting human rights, secondary rules of responsibility are concerned with the consequences of breach of those rules by an organisation, sometimes known as liability, although liability ‘has a broader meaning; it also refers to acts that are not unlawful (but cause damage)’. 1 IGOs possessing separate international legal personality are responsible for their internationally wrongful acts
69 Development of international organisations The establishment of international organisations can be explained by the need of states to work together towards common goals. The first international organisations therefore had a functional character. After the First World War, they increasingly took on a political character. The development of international